Sleep and dreaming - key words

Question 1

REM sleep

Answer 1

• Rapid-eye movement- flickering of eyes
  quickly.
• Sensory blockade: incoming info from
  senses like sight, sound and touch are
  blocked.
• it starts off with signals in pons at the
  base of the brain which shuts off neurons
  in the spinal cord preventing
  movement(movement inhibition).
• Muscles are paralysed. Heart rate and
  blood pressure rise.

Question 2

Sensory blockade

Answer 2

in REM sleep, ‘all sensory info is stopped’

Question 3

Movement inhibition

Answer 3

in REM sleep, when sleep is prevented

Question 4

NREM sleep

Answer 4

‘non-rapid eye movement’ sleep(rapid eye movements do not occur)

Question 5

Sleep deprivation

Answer 5

not having enough sleep. it can affect physical functioning like weight and brain functioning.

Question 6

Sleep cycle

Answer 6

a nightly pattern of deep sleep, light sleep and dreaming

Question 7

Neurons

Answer 7

a nerve cell that transmits information

Question 8

Zeitgebers

Answer 8

external cues that synchronise our biological rhythms; for examples, to a
24-hour clock, light

Question 9

Circadian rhythms

Answer 9

our body rhythms have daily(24-hour) cycle such as the sleep-wake cycle.

Question 10

Sleep-wake cycle

Answer 10

a circadian or daily rhythm triggered by the day-night cycle

Question 11

Synapse

Answer 11

a junction between two nerve cells,

Question 12

Exogenous(external)

Answer 12

external cues in the environment that affect our biological clock for example; temperature, social cues.

Question 13

Endogenous(internal)

Answer 13

internal pacemakers; our biological clock for example; Body temp. , The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is closely associated with the pineal gland and regulates the sleep-wake cycle

Question 14

Pineal gland

Answer 14

a small endocrine gland that produces melatonin; a hormone that is secreted into the bloodstream. involved in setting circadian rhythms, including the sleep-wake cycle and blood pressure

Question 15

Entrainment

Answer 15

when biological rhythms are matched to their environmental triggers, such as circadian rhythms being set in response to external(light) cues

Question 16

Ultradian rhythm

Answer 16

Less than 24hours - so we have more than one of these in a day for example: appetite, blinking, pulse, bowel movement

Question 17

Melatonin

Answer 17

a hormone involved in setting circadian rhythms, including the sleep-wake cycle and blood pressure

Question 18

Hormones

Answer 18

chemical messengers taking messages through the bloodstream.