Crisis and trauma

Question 1

post traumatic stress disorder
Individual results from an event, series of events, or set of circumstances that is experienced by an individual as physically or emotionally harmful or threatening and that has lasting adverse effects on the individual’s functioning and physical, social, emotional, or spiritual well-being

Answer 1

PTSD

Question 2

-An extremely distressing experience that causes severe emotional shock & may have long lasting psychological effects.
It can be a single event
more often than not it is multiple events over time (complex, prolonged trauma)
An interpersonal violence or violation, especially at the hands of authority/trust figure is especially damaging
*child abuse
torture (long time kidnapping)

Answer 2

Trauma

Question 3

a psychological response to an identifiable stressor or stressors

Answer 3

Adjustment disorder

Question 4

the condition or process of deterioration with age

Answer 4

senescence

Question 5

mental, emotional, or physical experienced by an individual in response to stimuli; from the external or internal environment.

Answer 5

Stress

Question 6

is the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving personal threat to physical integrity or to the integrity of others.
-symptoms may begin within the first 3 months after the trauma or there may be a delay of several months or even years

Answer 6

PTSD

Question 7

A disorder similar in terms of precipitating traumatic events and symptomatology to PTSD is

Answer 7

ASD acute stress disorder

Question 8

psychosocial theory
learning theory
cognitive theory
biological influences

Answer 8

Treatment modalities for trauma-related disorders

Question 9

Treatment disorders for this include individual psychotherapy, family therapy, behavior therapy, self-help groups, crisis intervention, and medications to treat anxiety or depression.

Answer 9

Adjustment disorders

Question 10

this includes cognitive therapy, prolonged exposure therapy (PE), group/family therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and psychopharmacology

Answer 10

Treatment modalities for PTSD

Question 11

accompanying panic, stress, and depression immediately following a traumatic event.
-occurs right after the event*this is normal
May include painful guilt feelings.
Can be accompanied by substance abuse; self-medicating. drink too much. *Can last up to the first 30 days.

Answer 11

Acute stress disorder

Question 12

Living through dangerous events and traumas
Having a hx of mental illness; can’t process trauma with a mental illness
Getting hurt
Seeing people hurt or killed
Feeling horror, helplessness, or extreme fear
Having little or no social support after the event *crucial to move past event
Dealing with extra stress after the event, such as loss of a loved one, pain and injury or loss of a job or home.

Answer 12

PTSD: Risk factors

Question 13

Involves several experiences that interfere with an individuals ability to function:
Re-experiencing symptoms
Avoidance symptoms
Hyper-arousal
Occurs when anxiety about events last longer than 30 days (more than 30 days considered this)

Answer 13

PTSD

Question 14

Reseach and individuals who have experienced prolonged and repeated interpersonal trauma in adulthood has found that CPTSD can occur when there is no history of childhood abuse.

• neurobiological processes involved in processing aversive stimuli
• Exposure based therapies appear to be effective

Prolonged and repeated interpersonal trauma in adulthood.

Answer 14

Complex PTSD-CPTSD

Question 15

reliving trauma over and over again, physical symptoms as well. ie racing heart or sweating

• bad dreams
• frightening thoughts

Answer 15

PTSD: re-experiencing symptoms

Question 16

staying away from places, events or objects that are reminders of the experience.
Feeling emotionally numb.
Feeling strong guilt, depression or worry
Losing interest in activities that were enjoyable in the past.
Having trouble remembering the dangerous events.

Answer 16

PTSD: Avoidance Symptoms

Question 17

easily startled
feeling tense or “on edge”
having difficult sleeping, and/or having angry outbursts.

Answer 17

PTSD: Hyper-arousal

Question 18

Bedwetting
forgetting how or being able to talk
acting out the scary event during playtime
being unusually clingy with a parent or other adult.

Answer 18

Children’s reactions to PTSD

Question 19

To be diagnosed with PTSD, a person must have all of the following for at least 1 month:

• at least one re-experiencing symptom
• at least three avoidance symptoms
• at least two hyperarousal symptoms
• Symptoms that make it hard to go about daily life, go to school or work, be with friends, and take care of importat tasks.

Answer 19

Diagnosis of PTSD

Question 20

finding a support group after traumatic event
feeling good about one’s own actions in the face of danger (helpful)
having a coping strategy, or a way of getting through the bad event and learning from it.
being able to act and respond effectively despite feeling fear.
Seeking out support from other people. part of process.

Answer 20

PTSD: resilience factors

Question 21

this therapy helps people make sense of the bad memories. Sometimes people remember the event differently than how it happened. They may feel guilt or shame about what is not their fault. The therapist helps people with PTSD look at what happened in a realistic way

Answer 21

Cognitive restructuring

Question 22

teaches relaxation, relies on theory we can’t be relaxed and anxious at the same time.

Answer 22

systematic desensitization

Question 23

therapist floods person with images and stimuli to evoke anxiety, the more anxiety produced and dealt with the faster the healing.

Answer 23

Implosion therapy

Question 24

rapid eye movements
looking left to right; following therapists fingers while taking deep breaths and talking about the trauma.
Francine Shapiro
Theory REM sleep; brain able to process and deal with subconscious while in REM sleep

Answer 24

EMDR; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for PTSD patients
Non traditional treatment

Question 25

The successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feeling, and behaviors taht are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms

Answer 25

Mental health

Question 26

Maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms and interfere with the individuals social, occupational, or physical functioning.

Answer 26

Mental Illness

Question 27

the inability of the general population to understand the motivation behind the behavior

Answer 27

incomprehensibility

Question 28

the "normality" of behavior is determined by the culture

Answer 28

Cultural relativity

Question 29

hans Selye defined stress as "the state manifested by a specific syndrome which cinsists of all the nonspecifically induced changes within a biologic system" "Fight or Flight" syndrome

Answer 29

Physical responses

Question 30

Alarm reaction stage Stage of resistance Stage of exhaustion

Answer 30

Seyle's General Adaptation Syndrome

Question 31

Immediate response Sustained response -Sustained physical responses to stress promote susceptibility to many diseases of adaptation

Answer 31

The Fight or Flight Syndrome

Question 32

Anxiety and Grief; have been described as two major, primary psychological response patterns to stress. - A variety of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are assoc. with ex. of these response patterns. - Adaptation is determined by the extent to which the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interfere with an individuals functioning.

Answer 32

Psychological Responses

Question 33

A diffuse apprehension that is vague in nature and is assoc. with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness. Extremely common in our society. Mild anxiety is adaptive and can provide motivation for survival.

Answer 33

Anxiety

Question 34

Mild: seldom a problem Moderate: perceptual field diminishes Severe: perceptual field is so diminished that concentration centers on one detail only or on many extraneous details Panic: the most intense state

Answer 34

Peplau's Four Levels of Anxiety

Question 35

At the mild level, individuals employ various coping mechanisms to deal with stress. A few of these include eating, drinking, sleeping, physical exercise, smoking, crying, laughing, and talking to persons with whom they feel comfortable.

Answer 35

Mild anxiety

Question 36

``` Compensation Denial Displacement Identification Intellectualization Introjection Isolation Projection Rationalization Reaction formation Regression Sublimation Suppression Undoing ```

Answer 36

Defense mechanisms for protection at the mild to moderate anxiety level

Question 37

``` extended periods of functioning at the panic level of anxiety may result in... ex. of psychotic disorders schizophrenia schizoaffective disorder delusional disorders ```

Answer 37

psychotic behavior

Question 38

The subjective state of emotional, physical and social responses to the loss of a valued entity. The loss may be real or perceived.

Answer 38

Grief

Question 39

``` Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance ```

Answer 39

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross | 5 Stages of Grief

Question 40

the experiencing of the grief process before the actual loss occurs

Answer 40

Anticipatory grief

Question 41

length of the grief process is entirely individual. It can last from a few weeks to years. It is influenced by a number of factors.

Answer 41

Resolution

Question 42

The experience of guilt for having had a "love-hate" relationship with the lost entity. Guilt often lengthens the grieving process. Anticipatory grieving is thought to shorten the grief response when the loss actually occurs. Grief response is extended when ind. exp. a number of losses. Resolution is thought to occur when ind is able to look back on relationship of lost one, and accept both pleasures and disappointments.

Answer 42

Grief and Resolution

Question 43

Prolonged response Delayed/inhibited response Distorted response

Answer 43

Maladaptive Grief Responses

Question 44

characterized by intense preoccupation with memories of the lost person years after the loss has occured

Answer 44

Prolonged grief

Question 45

sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause.

Answer 45

panic anxiety

Question 46

negiotiating the terms and conditions of a transaction.

Answer 46

bargaining

Question 47

feelings of severe despondency and dejection

Answer 47

depression

Question 48

when someone defends themselves against an unpleasant impulse by denying their existence in themselves and attributing them to others

Answer 48

projection

Question 49

means organizing something into a logically coherent system.

Answer 49

rationalization

Question 50

the actions of consenting to receive or undertake something offered

Answer 50

acceptance

Question 51

pt-initiated threat of harm to self, health care personnel, or others in the pts. sphere of influence ie suicide, homicide, and other forms of violence

Answer 51

psychiatric emergency

Question 52

refers to the wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed @ controlling a persons level of stress, esp chronic stress, usually for the purpose of improving everyday functioning.

Answer 52

Stress management

Question 53

response to external situational stressor. ie. abuse

Answer 53

dispositional/situational crisis

Question 54

how your body responds to stress. alarm/resistance stage. heart works harder factors such as age & health influence the stress response as do coping skills. Chronic stress increases chance of illness

Answer 54

Stage of Exhaustion

Question 55

the act of suppressing something. stopping, reduction

Answer 55

suppression

Question 56

feeling lack of control over normal life-cycle transition. ex. losing a parent as a child

Answer 56

Crisis of anticipated life

Question 57

situation that triggers emotions r/t unresolved life conflicts from developmental issues. ex. hx of rape now hesitant in marriage

Answer 57

maturational (developmental) crisis

Question 58

bc of unexpected external stress which the person feels they have little or no control and is overwhelmed/ defeated by.

Answer 58

crisis of traumatic stress

Question 59

"psychologically healthy, fully human, highly evolved, and fully mature"

Answer 59

maslow description of self-actualization as a state of being

Question 60

individual under stress for a long period of time hormones released.

Answer 60

the sustained response.

Question 61

``` a diffuse apprehension that is vague in nature and is associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness. 4 levels mild moderate severe panic ```

Answer 61

anxiety

Question 62

seldom a problem. assoc with tension exp. day to day living. Prepares people for action. sharpens senses. increases motivation for productivity, increases the perceptual field.

Answer 62

mild anxiety

Question 63

extent of perceptual field diminishes. less alert. attention span and concentration decreases, assistance with problem solving maybe required. increased muscular tension and restlessness.

Answer 63

moderate anxiety

Question 64

attention span limited, perceptual field greatly diminished-one detail or many extraneous details. Physical symptoms: headache, palpatations, insomnia, emotional symptoms: discomfort

Answer 64

Severe anxiety

Question 65

Most intense state. Unable to focus on even one detail. Hallucinations or delusions may occur. - Wild desperate actions. Communication with others ineffective. - feelings of terror, convinced they are "going crazy"-losing control emotionally weak. Prolonged Panic anxiety can lead to emotional exhaustion and can be life threatening.

Answer 65

Panic anxiety.

Question 66

sleeping, eating, physical exercise, smoking, crying, yawning, drinking, daydreaming, laughing, cursing, pacing, foot swinging, fidgeting, nail biting, finger tapping, talking to friends

Answer 66

Relief of mild anxiety

Question 67

covering up a real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable.

Answer 67

Compensation; ego defense mech. mild/moderate anxiety

Question 68

refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or the feelings assoc. with it.

Answer 68

Denial; ego defense mech. mild/moderate anxiety

Question 69

the transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral

Answer 69

Displacement; ego defense. mild/moderate anxiety

Question 70

attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors

Answer 70

rationalization; ego defense; mild/moderate anxiety

Question 71

preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts or types of behaviors

Answer 71

reaction formation; ego defense mild/moderate anxiety

Question 72

responding to stress by retreating to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures assoc. with that level of functioning.

Answer 72

Regression; ego defense; mild/ moderate anxiety

Question 73

an attempt to increase self worth by acquiring certain attrubutes and characteristics of an individual one admires

Answer 73

Identification; ego defense mild/moderate anxiety

Question 74

an attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions assoc. with a stressful situation by using the intellectual processes of logic, reasoning, and analysis

Answer 74

intellectualization; ego defense mild/ moderate anxiety

Question 75

intergrating the beliefs and values of another ind. into ones own ego structure. ie. children and parent values

Answer 75

introjection; ego defense; mild/moderate anxiety

Question 76

separating a thought or memory from the feeling tone or emotion assoc with it.

Answer 76

isolation; ego defense; mild/moderate anxiety

Question 77

attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one's self to another person

Answer 77

Projection; ego defense; mild/moderate anxiety

Question 78

involuntarily blocking unpleasant feelings and experiences from one's awareness.

Answer 78

Repression; ego defense; mild/moderate anxiety

Question 79

rechanneling of drives or impulses that are personally or socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive

Answer 79

sublimation; ego defense; mild/moderate anxiety | MADD

Question 80

the voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from ones awareness.

Answer 80

suppression; ego defense; mild/moderate anxiety

Question 81

symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable

Answer 81

undoing; ego defense; mild/moderate anxiety

Question 82

Neurosis: psychiatric disturbances; more serious level of psychosis obsession, compulsion phobia, sexual dysfuntion

Answer 82

Severe Anxiety

Question 83

disorder which the characteristics features are symptoms of anxiety and avoidance behaviors

Answer 83

severe anxiety

Question 84

characteristic features are physical symptoms for which there is no demonstrable organic pathology.

Answer 84

Somatic Symptom disorder; severe anxiety

Question 85

feature a disruption in the usually intergrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment. Dd

Answer 85

dissociative disorder; severe anxiety

Question 86

"a severe mental disorder characterized by gross impairment in reality, typically manifested by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or catatonic behavior. May lose contact with reality emotional tone, flat, bland affect

Answer 86

Panic Anxiety Psychosis

Question 87

``` feelings and behaviors that ind. exp in response to a real, or perceived or anticipated loss. Stage 1 Denial Stage 2 Anger Stage 3 Bargaining Stage 4 Depression Stage 5 Acceptance ```

Answer 87

5 stages of grief

Question 88

occurs which for some ind. presents an impossible task of grief work

Answer 88

bereavement overload

Question 89

fixed in the anger stage of grieving

Answer 89

distorted response

Question 90

Requires problem solving skills that are often diminished by the level of anxiety accompanying disequilibrium.

Answer 90

Crisis Intervention

Question 91

A sudden event in ones' life that disturbs homeostasis, during which usual coping mechanisms cannot resolve the problem

Answer 91

Crisis

Question 92

Phase I Exposure to precipitating stressors Phase II: Previous problem-solving techniques don['t relieve the stress, anxiety increases Phase III: internal and external resources are called on to resolve problem and relieve discomfort Phase IV: If resolution does not occur in previous phases "the tension mounts beyond a further threshold or its burden increases" Anxiety may reach panic levels

Answer 92

Phases of a Crisis