CRISPR/Cas9 Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is CRISPR/Cas9 ?
It is a technology that allows the editing of genomes and gene modification
Where is CRISPR located ?
Are sequences in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms
Where did CRISPR originate from ?
From viruses attacking the prokaryote
what systems do CRISPR form ?
They form part of the antiviral prokaryote defence system or immune system
What 3 parts is CRISPR locus formed ?
1- cas genes
2- A leader sequence
3- a repeat-spacer array
Is the arrangement of CRISPR locus conserved ?
The arrangement is not conserved, a genome can have more than one CRISPR, but only one is associated with the cas genes
what is the job of Cas 9 ?
Is the enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences to recognise and cut complementary DNA to these CRISPR sequences
What was cas 9 first identified from ?
S.pyogenes
Cas 9 is an endonuclease which binds what ?
two small RNA molecules
1- CRISPR RNA
2- transactivating crispr rna
What does PAM stand for ?
Protospacer Adjacent Motifs
What is PAM ?
They are very short DNA sequences that Cas 9 must bind to, which is not encoded by the crRNA but must be found adjacent to the crRNA binding site.
What will the Cas9 not successfully do if it is not followed by the PAM sequence ?
Cas9 will not successfully bind to or cleave the target DNA sequence if it is not followed by the PAM sequence.
What are the 6 applications of CRISPR-Cas 9 ?
1- Gene knock out ( switch off a gene)
2- Gene editing ( modify a gene )
3- Transient gene silencing or transcriptional repression ( CRISPRi)
4- Transient activation of endogenous genes
5- Embryonic stem cell and transgenic animals
6- Pooled genome-scale knockout screening
What are the final 2 applications of CRISPR-Cas 9 ?
7- Modification of organisms
- YEAST - biofeuls
- PLANTS - Improve crops
-ANIMALS - Mosquitos
8 - Re-evaluations related to gene-disease claims have been carried out
What is CRISPR-Cas9 ?
Is a technology that allows the editing of genomes and gene modification
What are the 3 components of a CRISPR locus ?
1- cas genes
2- A leader sequence
3- A repeat-spacer array
What is CRISPR-Cas a part of ?
A immune system of prokaryotes
What are PAMS ?
Protospacer Adjacent Motifs, are sequences from viral nucleic acids that initiate Cas 9 binding before crRNA binding to target
