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Enviro Science 3 > Criteria 5 Test > Flashcards

Criteria 5 Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are pyramids of number, biomass, and energy?

A

These are graphical representations of quantitive differences in the trophic level of an ecosystem.

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2
Q

Pyramid of number…

A

Can be inverted.

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3
Q

Pyramid of mass…

A

Can be inverted. (extremely rare)

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4
Q

Pyramid of energy…

A

Can not be inverted.

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5
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one type to another.

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6
Q

Second law of thermodynamics (Law of entropy).

A

Energy will tend to move from more complex into less complex forms (Energy ‘moves’ to heat).

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7
Q

10% rule is…

A

As energy moves up through trophic levels only 10% of the available energy and biomass is retained.

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8
Q

Where does the rest of the energy go?

A

The rest of the energy is lost to heat transfer in movement.

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9
Q

Systems theory can be…

A

Open, closed or isolated.

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10
Q

Open system theory is when…

A

Energy and mass move in and out of the system.

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11
Q

Closed system theory is when…

A

Energy can move in and out of the system but matter does NOT move.

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12
Q

Isolated systems theory is when…

A

Energy and mass are not exchanged with the surroundings (this is theoretical and impossible).

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13
Q

What is a ‘storage’ in a system

A

Storages keep energy or matter

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14
Q

What is a ‘flaw’ in a system?

A

Flaws transfer or transform the energy or mater.

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15
Q

What is the starting point of all energy in food chains/webs?

A

The sun

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16
Q

What is the starting point of all energy in food chains/webs?

A

The sun

17
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

Any relationship between two dissimilar organisms.

18
Q

Oxygen + Sugar -> Carbon dioxide + Water is…

A

Respiration.

19
Q

Carbon dioxide + Water –> Oxygen + Sugar is…

A

Photosynthesis.

20
Q

Competition

A

Neither organism gains (- -). When two fight over the same resource or food source.

21
Q

Predation

A

One gains while one does not (+ -). When one hunts or preys on another.

22
Q

Mutualism

A

Both species gain (+ +) . Both species gain from the actions of each other.

23
Q

Commensalism

A

One species gains while there is no effect on the other (+ 0). Suckerfish and shark example.

24
Q

Herbivory

A

(+ -). Cows grazing on the grass

25
Q

Parasitism

A

(+ -). Cause some harm but does not kill

26
Q

Disease

A

(+ -)

27
Q

What is a niche

A

When, where, and how an organism lives. Niche doesn’t just depend on where it lives, but what it does.

28
Q

Niche equation

A

Habitat + role + tolerance = niche
or
When + where + how = niche

29
Q

What is the fundamental niche

A

Where a species can exist.

30
Q

What is the realised niche

A

Where the species is actually found within the fundamental niche

31
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

When an organism hold chemicals within its body. Often these are fat soluble chemicals and they will be kept inside the food web (heavy metals).

32
Q

Biomagnification

A

The tendency for bioaccumulated chemicals to become amplified (more concentrated) as they pass to higher levels of the food web.

33
Q

Foodwebs

A

The construction (Trophic Levels)
Role of producers (production)
Role of consumers (Trophic cascade)
Role of decomposers (recycling)

34
Q

Biogeochemical cycles

A

Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle

35
Q

Ecosystem

A
  • Forest Types
  • Marine vs Freshwater
36
Q

What is a generalist

A

A species with a wide niche that can survive in many habitats

37
Q

Why do generalist species grow exponentially?

A

Due to there being little to no environmental resistance for its growth, it will not have a carrying capacity, unlike native species.

Native species in their habitat have strong environmental resistance due to the habitat having limited resources.

38
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum population size that an ecosystem can support.

Enviro Science 3 (5 decks)

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