cross cultural variations

Question 1

who did research into this

Answer 1

Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Question 2

aim

Answer 2

look at proportions of attachment types across a range of countries and cultures

Question 3

procedure

Answer 3

• meta analysis
• summarised results of 32 studies undertaken in 8 countries
  each study had used Ainsworth’s ss procedure

Question 4

findings

Answer 4

• differences between cultures were small
• secure attachment was most common classification
• insecure - avoidant was next most common in all countries except Japan and Israel

Question 5

conclusions

Answer 5

• pattern of attachment is broadly similar in cultures
• secure attachment is the norm
• supports Bobbly’s theory is innate

Question 6

Evaluation of Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Answer 6

1) large sample size included in meta-analysis (increase internal reliability
2) claimed to study cultural variation however differences were between countries not cultures (japan rural and urban)
3) method is culturally biased (imposed etc as you are applying british theory in study by american psychologist)
4) could be an alternate explanations (mass media)

Question 7

Aim of italian study

Answer 7

to see whether proportions still matched

Question 8

procedure (italian)

Answer 8

76 infants ages 12 months using ss

Question 9

findings (italian)

Answer 9

• 50% secure
• 36% insecure-avoidant
• lower rate of secure likely due to increase number of mothers working more hours

Question 10

conclusions (italian)

Answer 10

suggests patterns of attachment types are not static but vary in line with cultural change

Question 11

Korean study aim

Answer 11

to compare proportions of attachment types in Korea to other studies

Question 12

procedure (Korean)

Answer 12

87 infants assessed using ss

Question 13

findings (Korean)

Answer 13

• most insecurely attached were insecure-resistant
• distribution similar to Japan

Question 14

conclusions (Korean)

Answer 14

• differences shown could be down to child rearing styles