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Cross sectional anatomy and pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a tumor

A

abnormal growth of tissues. can be malignant or benign

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2
Q

What is cancer

A

uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

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3
Q

What is carcinogenesis?

A

development of cancer in the body

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4
Q

What is a primary cancer?

A

malignant neoplasm which originated in the organ in which it is growing

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5
Q

What is metastatic cancer?

A

cancer that has spread from the place where it originated to another place in the body

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6
Q

What is an infection

A

invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissue

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7
Q

What is inflammation

A

an accumulation of fluid in the tissues of an organ or body structures

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8
Q

what is a hematoma

A

accumulation to blood outside of a blood vessel

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9
Q

what is a laceration

A

a tear in the body of the organ and results in a hematoma and infarction

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10
Q

what dose infarction mean

A

loss of blood supply to an organ or region of tissue

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11
Q

what is a cyst

A

abnormal sac-like structure filled with fluid, gas, or semi-solids

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12
Q

what is an aneurysm

A

abnormal enlargement of a blood vessel

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13
Q

what does a suture stand for

A

joint between 2 cranial bones

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14
Q

Sagittal suture runs from the _________ to ________ while separating the ___________

A

frontal bones, occipital bone
right and left parietal bone

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15
Q

coronal suture divides the

A

frontal and parietal bones

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16
Q

lambdoidal suture divides the

A

occipital and parietal bones

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17
Q

sphenoid bone touches

A

every cranial bone

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18
Q

sella turcica houses

A

the pituitary gland

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19
Q

What is a skull fracture

A

break in the skull

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20
Q

What is the most common type of skull fracture

A

linear skull fracture

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21
Q

what is a depressed skull fracture

A

fracture that “caves into cranial cavity” is comminuted

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22
Q

What is a basilar skull fracture and what is it associated with

A

type of linear fracture at the base of the skull and is associated with tears in dura mater and CFS leaking

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23
Q

What is a ping pong skull fracture

A

greenstick fracture where the bones is bent and not broken

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24
Q

What is a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture

A

separation of zygomatic bone or zygoma from the rest of the face, maxillary sinus and wall of orbit

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25
What is a Lefort fracture
"floating face" fracture
26
meningiomas: benign or malignant? location?
benign periphery of the brain
27
pituitary adenomas: location? effects? benign or malignant?
pituitary gland causes distress and hormonal imbalances benign
28
Acoustic neuromas: AKA benign or malignant location
acoustic schwannomas or vestibular schwannomas benign located on the schwann cells of the vestibule portion of the 8th cranial nerve
29
Astrocytomas: aka benign or malignant
glioblastomas malignant
30
medulloblastomas: benign or malignant location
malignant presents as midline masses on roof of 4th ventricle
31
Subdural hemorrhage: appears as
new or coagulated blood on the surface of the brain that follows the contour of the brain
32
epidural hemorrhage: appears as
crescent shaped blood on the surface of the brain that protrudes inward
33
subarachnoid hemorrhage
bleeding around the circle of willis caused by ruptured aneurysm
34
intercranial hemorrhage
hemorrhagic stroke
35
what is a stroke
loss of brain functions sue to a disturbance in the blood flow to the brain
36
what is an ischemic stroke
limited blood flow, thrombosis, embolism, or stenosis
37
what is a hemorrhagic stroke caused by
intracranial bleeding, ruptured vessel
38
What is an arterial venous malformation
artery grows directly into vein. looks like a web
39
brain Abscess: what is it aka appears as
localized infection cerebritis appears as walled rim-enhancing cavity filled with fluid or gas
40
encephalitis: what is it appears as
inflammation of the brain appears as localized or diffuse areas of inflammation
41
meningitis: what is it appears as
inflammation of meninges appears as localized or diffuse areas of inflammation
42
hydrocephalus what is it appears as
abnormal CSF volume appears as excessive CSF accumulation in the ventricles
43
arachnoid cyst
abnormal sac of CSF
44
Pulmonary metastasis looks like
multiple enhancing tumors throughout the lungs
45
primary lung cancer: looks like
single enhancing lesion
46
pneumonia: what is it? looks like?
infection in the lungs visualized as poorly defined fluid collections
47
Tuberculosis: what is it? looks like?
lung infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis visualized like pneumonia, may cause cavity formation
48
emphysema: what is it? looks like?
destruction and enlargement of air spaces looks like hyperventilation and abnormal "blebs"
49
interstitial lung disease: what is it? looks like?
scarring and deformation of lung tissue looks like emphysema through the lungs
50
what is the pleural cavity?
space between the lungs and ribs filled with a tiny bit of fluid to reduce friction
51
pleural effusion: what is it? looks like?
fluid in pleural cavity looks like fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity
52
Hemothorax: what is it? look like?
blood in pleural cavity looks like pleural effusion but associated with trauma
53
pneumothorax: what is it? looks like?
air in the pleural cavity looks like air in pleural cavity with no lung markings
54
pericardial effusion: what is it
excess fluid in the pericardial sac
55
cardiomegaly: what is it? Causes?
enlarged heart CHF, Hypertension, vascular disease
56
myxoma: what is it? looks like?
benign tumor in heart appears as filling defect in left atrium
57
pulmonary embolism: what is it? looks like?
blood clot from pulmonary arteries looks like filling deffect
58
Coronary artery disease what is it? evaluation method?
progressive narrowing to coronary arteries common to evaluate vessels by creating cured reformats so vessels are all in one plane
59
Crohn's disease what is it? appears as?
idiopathic inflammation of bowel appears as thickening of the bowel walls and fat stranding
60
bowel obstruction what is it? appears as?
occlusion of bowel appears as bowel dilation
61
Colorectal cancer: what is it? looks like?
carcinoma of the large bowel appears as a mass growing on bowel wall
62
Colitis: what is it? appears as?
inflammation of the large bowel appears as bowel thickening
63
Appendicitis: what is it? look like?
inflammation of appendix appears as inflammation in RLQ
64
Primary liver cancer: enhancement phase? appears as?
arterial appears as an enhancing lesion
65
metastatic liver cancer: enhancement phase? appears as?
venous phase multiple enhancements that originate from outside the liver
66
liver hemangioma: what is it? enhancement phase?
benign vascular tumor delayed phase enhancement
67
liver laceration: what is it? appears as?
tear (fracture) through liver tissue appears as abnormal contrast enhancement following trauma
68
spleen laceration: what it it? appears as?
tear or fracture through the spleen tissue appears as abnormal contrast enhancement following trauma
69
spleen lymphoma: what is it? looks like?
lymphoma lesions in the spleen appears as low intensity tumors
70
pancreatitis: what is it? appears?
inflammation of the pancreas looks like pancreas enlargement with reactive fluid (ascites) or stranding
71
pancreatic cancer: what is it? appears as?
ductal adenocarcinoma appears as low intensity mass in pancreatic head
72
polycystic kidney disease what is it? look like?
many cysts on kidney
73
Wilms tumor what is it? target audience? looks like?
malignant kidney mass mostly children mass is very large and unilateral
74
renal laceration
tear or fracture in tissues due to trauma
75
spine compression fractures
collapsed vertebral body
76
spine subluxation
slight dislocation or misalignment of vertebrae
77
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping of a vertebrae to the vertebrae below it
78
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the spinal canal as a result of various causes
79
ankylosing spondylitis
autoimmune condition that causes inflammation and union of spine
80
spina bifida
incomplete closure of the vertebral canal spinal nerves may or not hernia through the opening
81
tethered cord what is it? looks like?
abnormal tissue attachments of the spinal cord visualized as extension of the conus medullaris below L2
82

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