Croup Flashcards
(8 cards)
What is the typical age range for children affected by croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)?
Croup commonly affects children aged between 6 months and 3 years.
What is the most common cause of croup?
Croup is most commonly caused by a virus, typically the parainfluenza virus types 1 or 3.
What are the hallmark symptoms of croup?
Croup is characterized by a seal-like barking cough, which may be accompanied by voice hoarseness, stridor (high-pitched wheezing sound), and/or respiratory distress. Symptoms are often worse at night.
What causes the symptoms of croup?
The symptoms of croup are caused by inflammation, swelling of upper airway structures (such as the larynx, vocal cords, and trachea), and oedema (swelling), leading to narrowing of the subglottic region.
How are croup symptoms categorized?
Mild: Seal-like barking cough with no stridor or chest recession at rest.
Moderate: Seal-like barking cough with stridor and sternal recession at rest.
Severe: Seal-like barking cough with stridor, sternal/intercostal recession, and agitation or lethargy.
Impending respiratory failure: Increasing airway obstruction, fatigue, pallor, cyanosis, tachycardia, and altered consciousness.
How is mild croup managed?
Mild croup can usually be managed at home, with paracetamol or ibuprofen to control fever and pain. Symptoms typically resolve within 48 hours, but may last up to one week.
When should a child with croup be admitted to the hospital?
Hospital admission is required for children with moderate or severe croup, or those showing signs of impending respiratory failure.
What treatment should all children with croup receive?
All children with croup (mild, moderate, or severe) should receive a single dose of oral dexamethasone (0.15 mg per kg body weight) or prednisolone. If oral treatment is not possible, inhaled budesonide or intramuscular dexamethasone may be alternatives.
