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CRST - Applied Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Loss

A

harm to people; damage to equipment or property; destruction of material

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2
Q

accident

A

an undesired event that results in loss. Other adjectives commonly used are an unplanned, unexpected, or unintended event

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3
Q

hazard

A

a condition or practice with the potential for accidental loss

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4
Q

risk

A

the chance of loss when exposed to a hazard. risk includes element of probability, including the degree of exposure and the severity (consequences) of exposure

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5
Q

Danger

A

relative exposure of people to a hazard. It suggests that there is a definite chance of harm, but the hard in not always certain

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6
Q

safety

A

the control of recognized hazards to attain an acceptable level of risk. relative protection from exposure to the hazard

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7
Q

accident has been replaced with?

A

incident

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8
Q

incident refers to both

A

loss producing events and events with the potential for loss

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9
Q

hazard analysis

A

the examination of information to estimate the risk to individuals, property, etc for the purpose of eliminating or controlling the hazard

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10
Q

systemic hazard analysis can and should be applied to

A

any potential loss exposure

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11
Q

hazard analysis involves 2 steps

A
  1. hazard identification and evaluation

2. Risk analysis

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12
Q

A well-managed inspection program can meet the following goals

A
  1. identify potential problems
  2. identify equipment deficiencies
  3. identify improper employee actions
  4. identify effects of change
  5. identify inadequacies in remedial action
  6. provide management information
  7. demonstrate management commitment
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13
Q

3 risk pryamids

A
  1. Heinrich ratio
  2. first bird ratio
  3. second bird ratio
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14
Q

who should conduct an investigation?

A

first line supervision

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15
Q

There are a number of ways to analyze and evaluate the causes of an incident. what are they?

A
  1. accident causation model

2. accident theory

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16
Q

two types of causes? and what are they?

A
  1. immediate cause (unsafe conditions/practices)

2. underlying root cause - that contributed to the existence of those immediate causes

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17
Q

Accident causation models …

A

are an attempt to present the underlying premises of the theory in an easy to understand way

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18
Q

psychological/behavior models focus on

A

stress and human error

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19
Q

Accident proneness theory

A

theory assumes that there are certain personal characteristics that make some people more likely to have accidents.

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20
Q

The more rich the climate n rewarding opportunities, the higher the level if alertness, the higher the level of work quality, and the lower the probability of accidents, this theory would be

A

The goals freedom alertness theory

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21
Q

It shows that accidents or incidents are the result of some combination of human error and system failure, this theory is?

A

The Petersen accident-incident causation model

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22
Q

Modern loss causation models illustrate the following principals

A
  1. multiple causes
  2. multilinear interaction of causes and effects
  3. multiple opportunities for control
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23
Q

3 measures of central tendency

A

the mode,, median and mean

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24
Q

safety performance is…

A

relative

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25
severity rate equation
severity rate = total days lost X 200,000 man hours / exposure hours
26
2 basic approaches to task analysis
1. observation and discussion | 2. discussion alone
27
CRST competencies also describe the following as additional methods of hazard analysis
1. material/process flow - flow or movement from raw to finished 2. process - hazards that evolve as a result of the work 3. process safety - chemicals, manufacturing or other "processes-orientated" industrial operations
28
StD concept applies
risk management principals at the design stage
29
"TQM" stands for
Total quality Management
30
"StD" stands for
Safety Through Design
31
A CRST should be able to define the nature of hazards likely to be encountered within the scope of work and should review bid proposals to ensure contracts being awarded provide for adequate safeguards against those hazards and effective OHS management - This would describe
Procurement during contracting
32
Management control of losses (ISMEC) is?
Overall control of losses by management
33
5 progressive steps in the ISMEC
1. identification of the work 2. standards 3. Measurement 4. Evaluation 5. Commendation and correction
34
Hierarchy of controls is
an order of effectiveness of hazard control
35
Hierarchy of controls
1. eliminate hazard/risk through system design and redesign 2. reduce risks by substituting less-hazardous methods or materials 3. incorporate engineering controls 4. provide warning and alerting technique 5. administer controls 6. PPE
36
"Fire prevention" addresses...
the methods in which hazardous materials could be subjected to unintended reactions.
37
guard openings - to maintain a definitely safe zone beyond a 3/8 in. opening, the opening must be no more than
1/4 inch (6 mm) wide within 1 1/2 inch (38mm) of the danger point
38
Point of operation safeguarding methods
1. enclosure or barrier 2. automatic or semi-automatic feed 3. hand removal or restraint 4. two-hand trip
39
"is hazardous in varying degree"
All mechanical action or motion
40
actions or motions that are the most hazardous
1. rotating, reciprocating and transverse motions 2. in running nip points 3. cutting actions 4. punching, shearing and bending
41
Nip points or bites defined as
is a hazardous area created by two or more mechanical parts rotating in opposite directions within the same plane and in close interaction
42
energy sources can be
electrical, pneumatic, steam, hydraulic, chemical or thermal
43
4 types of hearing protection are
1. enclosure to entire head (eg. fighter pilot helmet) 2. aural inserts 3. supernatural protectors - canal caps 4. circumaural protectors - ear muffs
44
"Fall protection" is defined as
a means of preventing workers from experiencing disastrous falls from elevation
45
Fall Protection can be
active or passive
46
active fall protection is
components and systems that require some manipulation by the workers to make the fall protection effective.
47
passive fall protection is
components and systems such as nets that do not require any action on the worker part.
48
CSA approved foot wear offers in combination or alone
1. toe protection 2. puncture resistant 3. metatarsal 4. electrical 5. chainsaw
49
Electrical definitions: current voltage resistance equation
current - total volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given length of time voltage - pressure in the pipe resistance - a blockage in the water pipe Ohm's law = I = V/R
50
Bonding & Grounding
bonding - neutralizing the differences between separated metal objects by means of conductive path grounding - providing connection to "earth" or equivalent zero potential
51
Hot wire
black, brings electrical current from the service panel
52
neutral wire
white, returns electrical current to service panel
53
Ground wire
green, connects all metal parts of a circuit
54
GFCI
Ground Fault Circuit Indicator
55
Guards and limit switches
upper limit switch - preventing hoisting the load blocks at the sheaves lower limit switch - block enters a pit with limited pit load limit switch - prevent overloading
56
Types of cranes
1. overhead travelling - travel on overhead rails 2. gantry - rails at ground 3. derrick - a-frame, stiff leg, guy, gin pole 4. tower - construction of buildings 5. mobile - telescopic (hydraulic), lattice boom
57
powered industrial trucks may be classified by
power sources, operator position or means of engaging the load
58
portable power tools are divided into five groups by power source:
electrical, pneumatic (air), gas, hydraulic and powder actuated
59
hazardous by-product from welding processes are:
fumes, gases and smoke
60
Emphysema
loss of elasticity of the lunch
61
"Chemical Process Document" containing the following contents:
1. general - assessment of hazards 2. process design - block/flow diagrams 3. mechanical - piping and instrumentation diagrams
62
several established methods used in the chemical process industry - 4 commonly used are
1. hazard surveys 2. process checklists 3. HAZOP 4. safety review
63
The most common incident underlying causes for confined spaces are:
insufficient preparation and lack of procedures for entry
64
Definition of confined space
any enclosed or partly enclosed space not designed for continuous human occupancy that has limited means of entry and exit and that may contain a hazardous atmosphere or other potential hazards for a worker entering it.
65
Major components of a fall arrest system
anchor points, full-body harness, lanyards, shock absorber, lifeline, rescue equipment

CRST (1 decks)

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