Crude Oils And Fuels

Question 0

How can we separate a mixture of liquids

Answer 0

Through distillation

Question 1

What does crude oil contain? And what does this mean?

Answer 1

Many different compounds that boil at different temperatures. They also burn under different conditions. This means crude oil needs to be separated to make useful fuels

Question 2

What can simple distillation of crude oil produce?

Answer 2

Liquids that boil within different temperature ranges.

Question 3

What are fractions?

Answer 3

Liquids with different boiling ranges separated from a mixture of liquids (crude oil)

Question 4

What are most compounds in crude oil?

Answer 4

Hydrocarbons

Question 5

What molecules does hydrocarbons contain?

Answer 5

Only hydrogen and carbon

Question 6

Many of the hydrocarbons in the crude oil compounds are alkali or acid?

Answer 6

Alkalies

Question 7

What do alkanes mainly contain and what do we call then?

Answer 7

Mainly contain hydrogen atoms in each molecule so we call them saturated hydrocarbons

Question 8

How can we represent a molecule?

Answer 8

C-H

Question 9

What happens to crude oil when it’s put in a fractional distilator?

Answer 9

Crude oil is deprecated into fraction at refiners

Question 10

What does the boiling point of a hydrocarbon depend on? And the lager the molecule, the higher the…

Answer 10

It depends on the size of it’s molecule & the higher the boiling point of the hydrocarbon

Question 11

What happens to crude oil when being fed into a fractionating column

Answer 11

It is vaporised and fed into a fractionating column

Question 12

What’s simple distillation?

Answer 12

Done in steps by heating mixture to different temperatures

Question 13

What happens in fraction distillation?

Answer 13

It’s done continuously by vaporising the mixture and condensing the fractions at different temperatures

Question 14

That’s the top tube?

Answer 14

Refinery/petroleum gas (short chain hydrocarbons and low boiling point alkalies used as fuel)

Question 15

3rd tube up

Answer 15

Gasoline/petrol (fuel in car engines)

Question 16

2nd tube

Answer 16

Kerosene (aircraft fuel)

Question 17

1st tube

Answer 17

Diesel oil/gas oil (diesel engines and boiler fuel)

Question 18

Bottom pipe

Answer 18

Reside (think, sticky mixture of long chain hydrocarbons, use in making roads and flat roofs)

Question 19

As the vapours move up the column, what happens to them?

Answer 19

They get cooler

Question 20

What happens to the hydrocarbons as they reach their boiling points?

Answer 20

They condense to liquids& collect on the trays at different levels and there are outlets to collect the fraction

Question 21

The hydrocarbons with the smallest molecules have what boiling points and where are they collected?

Answer 21

Have the lowest pointing point so are collected at top of column

Question 22

The fractions collected at the bottom of the column contain hydrocarbons with what boiling points?

Answer 22

The highest

Question 23

Fractions with low boiling ranges have a low what?

Answer 23

Low velocity so are runny liquids

Question 24

Boiling ranges with low velocities are what?

Answer 24

Flammable and ignite easily - they also burn with clean flames producing little smoke, this makes them useful as fuels

Question 25

What are pure hydrocarbons oxidised to when bury completely

Answer 25

Their oxidised to carbon dioxide and water

Question 26

Are fuels we use completely burnt?

Answer 26

Not always burnt compleatly, they may also contain other substances

Question 27

What might burning hydrocarbons in a limited supply of air in incomplete combustion produce?

Answer 27

Carbon monoxide and solid particles (this is because some hydrocarbons may not burn) that contain shoot (carbon) and unbutton hydrocarbon called particulates

Question 28

What do most fossil fuels contain? What happens when the fuel burns these compounds?

Answer 28

Contain sulfer compounds & sulfer dioxide, sulfer dioxide causes acid rain

Question 29

At the high temperatures that fuels burn at, what in the air my combine to make..

Answer 29

Oxygen and nitrogen & combine to make nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxides also cause acid rain

Question 30

Oxides of what can be formed when fuels burn under extreme conditions

Answer 30

Nitrogen

Question 31

Biting any fuel that contains carbon produces what?

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide

Question 32

What is carbon dioxide an what do scientists believe it cause?

Answer 32

A green house gas. That it is the cause of global warming.

Question 33

Incomplete combustion of fuels that contain carbon, produce what?

Answer 33

The poisonous gas carbon monoxide, it can also produce toned solid particles that reflect sunlight and so cause global dimming (particulates)

Question 34

Burning fuels produces sulfer dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. These gases dissolve In what?

Answer 34

Water droplets and text with oxygen in the air causing acid rain

Question 35

How can we remove harmful substances in waste before it's released into the atmosphere?

Answer 35

Exhaust systems are fitted with catalytic converters to remove carbon monoxide an nitrogen oxides, filters can remove particulates

Question 36

Why can sulfer be removed from fuels before they are supplied to users?

Answer 36

So that less sulfer dioxide is produced when the fuel is burned

Question 37

What are biofuels made from?

Answer 37

From plant or animal products and are renewable

Question 38

What can biodiesel be made from?

Answer 38

Vegetable oils extracted from plants

Question 39

What's an advantage of using biodiesel?

Answer 39

Make little contribution to carbon dioxide levels because the carbon dioxide that is given off when the fuel is burnt was originally taken from the atmosphere by plants that they grew

Question 40

Disadvantages of using biodiesel?

Answer 40

Plants that are grown for biodiesel use large area of farmland

Question 41

What is a biofuel made from sugar canes and sugar beat?

Answer 41

Ethanol

Question 42

Ethanol is a liquid, what does This mean?

Answer 42

This means it can be stored and distributed like other liquid fuels. It can be mixed with petrol

Question 43

What is the advantage of using hydrogen as a fuel

Answer 43

Produces only water when burned

Question 44

Why is hydrogen bad to use as a fuel?

Answer 44

It's a gas so takes up a large volume, Thai makes it difficult to store in the quantities needed for combustion in engines

Question 45

Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis how?

Answer 45

By water by electrolysis but requires late amounts of energy