Cryptography

Question 1

The practice and study of writing and solving codes in order to hide the
true meaning of information

Answer 1

Cryptography

Question 2

Process of converting ordinary information (plaintext) into an
unintelligible form (ciphertext)

Answer 2

Encryption

Question 3

Inactive data that is archived, such as data resident
on a hard disk drive

Answer 3

Data at Rest

Question 4

Data crossing the network or data that resides in a
computer’s memory

Answer 4

Data in Transit

Question 5

Data that is undergoing constant change

Answer 5

Data in Use

Question 6

The essential piece of information that determines
the output of a cipher

Answer 6

Key

Question 7

Encryption algorithm in which both the sender and the receiver must
know the same secret using a privately-held key

Answer 7

Symmetric Algorithm (Private Key)

Question 8

DES, 3DES, IDEA, AES, Blowfish, Twofish, RC4, RC5, RC6

Answer 8

Symmetric Algorithm

Question 9

Encryption algorithm where different keys are used to encrypt and
decrypt the data

Answer 9

Asymmetric Encryption (Public Key)

Question 10

Utilizes asymmetric encryption to securely transfer a private key that can
then be used with symmetric encryption

Answer 10

Hybrid Implementation

Question 11

Utilizes a keystream generator to encrypt data bit by bit using a
mathematical XOR function to create the ciphertext

Answer 11

Stream Cipher

Question 12

Breaks the input into fixed-length blocks of data and performs the
encryption on each block

Answer 12

Block Cipher

Question 13

Encryption algorithm which breaks the input into 64-bit blocks and uses
transposition and substitution to create ciphertext using an effective key
strength of only 56-bits

Answer 13

Data Encryption Standard (DES)

Question 14

Encryption algorithm which uses three separate symmetric keys to
encrypt, decrypt, then encrypt the plaintext into ciphertext in order to
increase the strength of DES

Answer 14

Triple DES(3DES)

Question 15

Symmetric block cipher which uses 64-bit blocks to encrypt plaintext into
ciphertext

Answer 15

International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)

Question 16

Symmetric block cipher that uses 128-bit, 192-bit, or 256-bit blocks and a
matching encryption key size to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext

Answer 16

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

Question 17

Symmetric block cipher that uses 64-bit blocks and a variable length
encryption key to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext

Answer 17

Blowfish

Question 18

Symmetric block cipher that replaced blowfish and uses 128-bit blocks
and a 128-bit, 192-bit, or 256-bit encryption key to encrypt plaintext into
ciphertext

Answer 18

Twofish

Question 19

Symmetric stream cipher using a variable key size from 40-bits to 2048-
bits that is used in SSL and WEP

Answer 19

Rivest Cipher (RC4)

Question 20

Symmetric block cipher with a key size up to 2048-bits

Answer 20

Rivest Cipher (RC5)

Question 21

Symmetric block cipher that was introduced as a replacement for DES but
AES was chosen instead

Answer 21

River Cipher (RC6)

Question 22

A hash digest of a message encrypted with the sender’s private key to let
the recipient know the document was created and sent by the person
claiming to have sent it

Answer 22

Digital Signature

Question 23

Diffie-Hellman, RSA, and ECC

Answer 23

Asymmetric Algorithm ( private key)

Question 24

Used to conduct key exchanges and secure key distribution over an
unsecured network

Answer 24

Diffie Hellman (DH)

Question 25

Asymmetric algorithm that relies on the mathematical difficulty of
factoring large prime numbers
____ is widely used for key exchange, encryption, and digital signatures
____ can use key sizes of 1024-bits to 4096-bits

Answer 25

RSA( Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman)

Question 26

Algorithm that is based upon the algebraic structure of elliptic curves
over finite fields to define the keys
§ _____ with a 256-bit key is just as secure as RSA with a 2048-bit key

Answer 26

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)

Question 27

An encryption program used for signing, encrypting, and decrypting
emails

Answer 27

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)

Question 28

A newer and updated version of the PGP encryption suite that uses AES
for its symmetric encryption functions

Answer 28

GNU Privacy Guard (GPG)

Question 29

Refers to how an organization will generate, exchange, store, and use
encryption keys

Answer 29

Key Management

Question 30

A stream cipher that encrypts plaintext information with a secret random
key that is the same length as the plaintext input

Answer 30

One-Time Pad

Question 31

A simulated random number stream generated by a computer that is
used in cryptography, video games, and more

Answer 31

Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG)

Question 32

The science and art of hiding messages within other messages

Answer 32

Steganography

Question 33

A shared, immutable ledger for recording transactions, tracking assets
and building trust

Answer 33

Blockchain

Question 34

A record-keeping system that maintains participants’ identities in secure
and anonymous form, their respective cryptocurrency balances, and a
record book of all the genuine transactions executed between network
participants

Answer 34

Public Ledger

Question 35

A computer that uses quantum mechanics to generate and manipulate
quantum bits (qubits) in order to access enormous processing powers

Answer 35

Quantum Computing

Question 36

A communications network that relies on qubits made of photons (light)
to send multiple combinations of 1s and 0s simultaneously which results
in tamper resistant and extremely fast communications

Answer 36

Quantum Communication

Question 37

A quantum bit composed of electrons or photons that can represent
numerous combinations of 1s and 0s at the same time through
superposition

Answer 37

Qubit

Question 38

A new kind of cryptographic algorithm that can be implemented using
today’s classical computers but is also impervious to attacks
from future quantum computers

Answer 38

Post-quantum Cryptography

Question 39

A cryptographic key that is generated for each execution of a key
establishment process

Answer 39

Ephemeral

Question 40

An encryption method that allows calculations to be performed on data
without decrypting it first

Answer 40

Homomorphic Encryption