cs human

Question 1

cuba and uk- contrasting places

Answer 1

cuba-
- commies, past owned by russia
- 90% self sufficient
challenges-
- increase freq of severe weather events
- degrading soil
- lack of machines
- shortage of foreign trade
- inefficient state owned farms
methods-
urban agriculture:
- 383,000 farms
- 140,000 workers
- shortage of pesticides so crops organic
- food production in closed loop = sustainable
- mainly fruit + veg
changes in tenure:
- state run -> co-operatives
- 10,000 ha of land that the government rents out
- cuba has 6 million ha of flat land half is uncultivated
new crops:
- drought restraint crops- avocados + oranges
- wind + rain resistant crops- potato + squash
- GM crops
support for farmers:
- increase prices
- PALMA provide education for farming, irrigation, also providing equipment

uk-
- imports 40%
- factors influencing trade: up fuel prices + down lorry drivers
improvements for producer-
- grow more food per ha, sustainable
- up GM crops
- impacts of economic activity
- ensure food chain is secure
improvement for consumer-
- eliminate waste
- tackle diet related health issues: increase fish and information on nutritional content
- up organic produce, better soil fertility, natural fertilisers, no herbicides, restrict use of pesticides
- cut supply chain, consume local produce

Question 2

arctic- indigenous- food security

Answer 2

• 6 months of darkness each year
• thick ice covering soil
  indigenous people-
• Canada: mussel farming, rich in vitamins and minerals
• Greenland: narwhal, rich vitamin c, use all of narwhal
• Alaska: bowhead whales, hunt 2x per year
• cold temp keeps food from rotting
• sea shepherds protesting against hunting
  threats to food security-
• climate change, harder to hunt
• globalisation, fast and fatty foods
• conservationists, trying to prevent traditional practices
  impact on diet-
• 1% under weight
• 37% overweight
• 28% obese
• 34% fine

Question 3

sahel- dryland- food security

Answer 3

• dryland
• across 10 african countries, senegal to eritrea
• 7000km east to west, 2000km north to south
  drought-
  p- down moisture = down productivity
  m- irrigation, contour stone barriers, down run off, up infiltration
  climate-
  p- less water, summer up evapotranspiration, heavy rain erode soil
  m- planting pits to store water, drought tolerant crops
  winds-
  p- high winds remove moisture, up soil erosion
  m- vegetation barriers
  soils-
  p- organic matter lost in cultivation, up soil erosion
  m- planting pits have organic matter in them to restore soil
  albedo-
  p- surface reflects insulation, atmosphere absorbs heat, fewer clouds and rain as hot air holds u[ water vapour
  m- re-greening projects
  population-
  p- pop above feeding capacity, 2x in last 35 years
  m- inform people on benefits of smaller families
  deforestation-
  p- for fuel wood, up wind + water erosion
  m- afforestation
  overgrazing-
  p- overuse of land, soil no time to recover
  m- education, up investment of irrigation, diversity of crops
  land grabbing-
  p- land taken by foreign parties, cash crops grown = down fertility of soil
  m- improve legal rights of land ownership

Question 4

india- human and physical factors affecting food security

Answer 4

physical challenges- 
- unreliable weather patterns
- up floods and droughts
- up soil erosion, intense rainfall
- monsoons more droughts
- less than 2% of india produces 2/3 of food grain: punjab area, precipitation- 630mm, temp 21 degrees C
human challenges-
- urbanisation reduces availability of land 
- green revolution 
- poor infrastructure problems of distribution
- small-scale farmers at disadvantage
future-
- up gov investment 
- better prices for farmers
- down input costs
- up local food security
- up technology