human Flashcards
(33 cards)
what is food security
access to sufficient food to lead a healthy life
reasons for food security
- available land
- economic access
- physical access
- food utilisation
reasons for food insecurity
- poverty
- conflict
- economic stagnation
- environmental degradation
- political instability
what are physical factors affecting food security
air- - CO2 for photosyntheses - climate change equilibrium - flow of oxygen climate- - good climate for good crop yields - tropical crops need 16-27 - temperate need 15-20 soil- - minerals and organic matter for plants to grow - good supply of nutrients and water water- - comprises of 80% of plants
issues that could occur leading to less food security
growing crops- - bad soil - seasons - lack of water processing- - fertilisers - harvesting transporting- - farm to market pace dispose of waste- - parts of crops aren't used - crops fail quality control - food discard
what is tenure
how the land is owned
- eg communal
what is arable farming
growth of food crops on good quality soil and flat land
what is pastoral farming
raising livestock on lower quality soil and less flat land
what is subsistence farming
farming for yourself-your own consumption, vulnerable to food shortages
what is commercial farming
farming for profit, often large scale with high profits
what is shifting cultivation
isolated places, low population densities, large area pop land with low food demands, rotating fields used instead of crops
what is sedentary farming
farmers stay in one place using the same land each year
what is extensive farming
large scale commercial farming, low inputs of labour and capital compared to the size of the area farmed, low yield/hectare but high profits
what is intensive farming
small scale with high labour or capital inputs and so a high yield/hectare
what is food miles
- indicates how far food travels
- globalisation increases food miles
- average is 2400km
- high carbon emissions
how has globalisation impacted food (pos + neg)
positives- - international food aid - more choice - developing countries can increase export - sharing technology- GM crops - improved distribution negatives- - inequality, 2 billion food insecure - land grabbing - higher carbon footprint - food wastages increase
human causes of food insecurity
competition-
- ACs help farmers from their country to compete with other countries
- ACs have better technology the LIDCs become more competitive
ownership of land
difference between AC and LIDC farming
AC = capital intensive = profitable + productive LIDC = labour intensive= unprofitable + unproductive
what is land grabbing
acquisition of farmland in developing countries by other countries- gain more food security and more profits
benefits of land grabbing of host country
- employment opportunities
- development of rural infrastructure
- introduction of modern agricultural technology
- creation of local food surpluses, increase food security
problems of land grabbing for the hot country
- local farmers displaced with no future prospects
- creation of unequal power relations between foreign national governments
who is Thomas Malthus and what did he propose
- population grows quicker than the increase of food availability
who is Esther Boserup and what did he propose
- increase in population increase knowledge
- knowledge and technology to increase food productivity
what is a pinch point
where distribution occurs in the supply chain
