CSCI 111 Ch. 1-2 Quiz

Question 1

a number system consists of (2 things)

Answer 1

1. set of valid characters

2. place values

Question 2

the base-10 number system is also known as

Answer 2

decimal

Question 3

what are the valid characters in the base-10/decimal number system?

Answer 3

0-9

Question 4

in the base-10/decimal number system, place values increase by orders of

Answer 4

10 (10^0, 10^1, 10^2 and so on in the left direction)

Question 5

Why do we use base 2 (binary) instead of base 10 (decimal)? What does this mean?

Answer 5

Electrostatic Discharge (if electronics are exposed to ESD, voltage can spike -> in base 10, 1v to 8v is a jump of 8000)

Question 6

the base-2 number system is also known as

Answer 6

binary

Question 7

what are the valid characters in the binary number system?

Answer 7

0 and 1

Question 8

in the base-2/binary number system, place values increase by orders of

Answer 8

2 (2^0, 2^1, 2^2 and so on in the left direction)

Question 9

what is 1 byte equal to (in terms of bits)?

Answer 9

8 bits

Question 10

what is 1 word equal to (in terms of bytes)?

Answer 10

2 bytes

Question 11

what are the steps for converting from decimal to binary?

Answer 11

1. identify the largest place value that is less than or equal to your number
2. set the bit to 1 for that place value
3. subtract the place value from your number
4. repeat steps 1-3 until the number is zero
5. set the remaining bits to zero

Question 12

the base-16 number system is also known as

Answer 12

hexadecimal

Question 13

what are the valid characters in the hexadecimal number system?

Answer 13

0-9, A-F

Question 14

in the base-16/hexadecimal number system, place values increase by orders of

Answer 14

16 (16^0, 16^1, 16^2 and so on in the left direction)

Question 15

in converting hexadecimal to binary, we have to look at it in terms of ? bits because 16 = 2^4

Answer 15

4

Question 16

what are the place values for the binary > hexadecimal conversion chart?

Answer 16

8 4 2 1

Question 17

Java is an ? and ? language that uses an ? / text editor such as Notepad ++

Answer 17

object oriented (OO), compiled, Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Question 18

what is the basic skeleton of a java code?

Answer 18

class name & main method

Question 19

to invoke the java compiler, ? which creates MyProgram.class

Answer 19

javac MyProgram.java

Question 20

to execute the program, ?

Answer 20

java MyProgram

Question 21

what are computer programs (aka software)?

Answer 21

instructions to the computer/how we tell the computer what to do

Question 22

programs are written using ?

Answer 22

programming languages (e.g. Java)

Question 23

? is a set of primitive instructions built into every computer. it is in the form of ?

Answer 23

machine language; binary code

Question 24

? were developed to make programming easy

Answer 24

assembly languages

Question 25

a program called an ? is used to convert assembly language programs into machine code

Answer 25

assembler

Question 26

? are English-like and easy to learn and program (e.g. Java, Python)

Answer 26

high-level languages

Question 27

a program written in a high-level language is called a ?, which must be translated into ? for execution

Answer 27

source code; machine code

Question 28

the translation from source to machine code can be done using an ? or a ?

Answer 28

interpreter, compiler

Question 29

an interpreter reads ? from the source code, translates it to the machine code, and then executes it right away

Answer 29

one statement

Question 30

a compiler translates ? into a machine-code file, and the machine-code file is then executed

Answer 30

the entire source code

Question 31

? is a powerful and versatile programming language that enables users to develop and deploy applications on the Internet for servers, desktop computers, and mobile devices

Answer 31

Java

Question 32

the ? converts the source code to bytecode (JVM - Java Virtual Machine) and then the Java ? converts and executes the byte code line by line

Answer 32

compiler; interpreter

Question 33

every Java program must have at least one ?, which has a name that conventionally starts with an ? letter

Answer 33

class; uppercase

Question 34

capitalize the first letter of each word in the ? name

Answer 34

class

Question 35

in order to run a class, the class must contain a method named ?, which looks like ?. it is where the program begins execution

Answer 35

main; public static void main (String [ ] args)

Question 36

a ? represents an action or a sequence of actions

Answer 36

statement

Question 37

every statement in Java ends with a ?, which is known as the ? in Java

Answer 37

semicolon (;), statement terminator

Question 38

? (also known as keywords) are words that have a specific meaning to the compiler and cannot be used for other purposed in the program

Answer 38

reserved words

Question 39

a ? is a group of statements/components surrounded by braces { }

Answer 39

block

Question 40

two popular block styles

Answer 40

next-line and end-of-line

Question 41

{ }

Answer 41

denotes a block to enclose statements

Question 42

( )

Answer 42

used with selection statements, loops, and methods

Question 43

[ ]

Answer 43

denotes an array

Question 44

//

Answer 44

precedes a comment line

Question 45

" "

Answer 45

enclosing a string

Question 46

' '

Answer 46

enclosing a character

Question 47

;

Answer 47

marks the end of a statement

Question 48

proper indenation

Answer 48

at least two spaces

Question 49

use a ? to separate segments of the code

Answer 49

blank line

Question 50

syntax/compile error

Answer 50

detected by the compiler

Question 51

runtime

Answer 51

causes the program to abort

Question 52

logic

Answer 52

produces incorrect result

Question 53

how to read input from the console

Answer 53

1. create a scanner object Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); 2. use the method nextDouble( ) to obtain a double value

Question 54

an identifier is a sequence of characters that consist of ?, ?, ? and ?

Answer 54

letters, digits, underscores, and dollar signs

Question 55

an identifier must start with a ?, ?, or ? - it CANNOT start with a ?

Answer 55

letter, underscore, or dollar sign; digit

Question 56

an identifier cannot be a ? and cannot be ?, ?, or ?

Answer 56

reserved word; true false, or null

Question 57

variables and constants are examples of ?

Answer 57

identifiers

Question 58

a ? represents a value stores in the computer's memory. the value of it is changeable

Answer 58

variable

Question 59

ex: declaring a variable

Answer 59

int x; double radius; char a;

Question 60

ex: assigning values to a variable

Answer 60

``` x = 1; radius = 1.0; letter = 'A'; ```

Question 61

ex: declaring and variable AND assigning value in one step

Answer 61

int x = 1; double radius = 1.0; char a = 'A';

Question 62

an ? designates a value for a variable and an ? is known as the assignment operator

Answer 62

assignment statement; equal sign =

Question 63

a ? is an identifier that represents a permanent value

Answer 63

constant

Question 64

general form of declaring constants

Answer 64

final datatype CONSTANTNAME = value;

Question 65

in variable and method names, use ?. if the name consists of several words, concatenate all in one, using ? for the first word and ? the first letter of each subsequent word in the name

Answer 65

lowercase; lowercase, capitalize

Question 66

in naming constants, ? all letters and use ? to connect words

Answer 66

capitalize; underscores

Question 67

what are the 8 primitive data types? (which are the two we mainly use?)

Answer 67

``` byte short int long float double char boolean (we mainly use int and byte) ```

Question 68

numeric operators

Answer 68

``` + addition - subtraction * multiplication / division % modulus (remainder) ```

Question 69

calculations with integers yield a precise integer result (ex: 5/2 yields ? while 5.0/2 yields ?)

Answer 69

2; 2.5

Question 70

you can use % to determine if a number is even or odd because an even number % 2 = ? and an odd number % 2 = ?

Answer 70

even % 2 = 0 | odd % 2 = 1

Question 71

a ? is a value that appears directly in the program (also referred to as ?)

Answer 71

literal; hard coding

Question 72

an ? can be assigned to an integer variable as long as it can fit into the variable. a compilation error would occur if the literal were to large for the variable to hold

Answer 72

integer literal

Question 73

an integer literal is assumed to be of the ? type, whose value is between -2^31 and 2^31-1

Answer 73

int

Question 74

? literals are written with a decimal point. by default, a floating-point literal is treated as a ? type value

Answer 74

floating-point; double

Question 75

the ? type values are more accurate than the float type values

Answer 75

double

Question 76

operator precedence

Answer 76

( ) first, then *, /, % are applied, and then +, - (if multiple, go L to R)

Question 77

augmented/compound assignment operators

Answer 77

``` += addition assignment -= subtraction assignment *= multiplication assignment /= division assignment %= modulus/remainder assignment ```

Question 78

increment and decrement operators

Answer 78

++var preincrement var++ postincrement --var predecrement var-- postdecrement

Question 79

when performing a binary operation involving two operands of different types, Java automatically converts the operand based on these rules:

Answer 79

1. if one of the operands is double, the other is converted into double 2. if one of the operands is float, the other is converted into float 3. if one of the operands is long, the other is converted into long 4. otherwise, both operands are converted into int

Question 80

two types of type casting with examples

Answer 80

implicit: double d = 3; (type widening) explicit: int i = (int)3.0; (type narrowing) int i = (int)3.9; (fraction part is truncated)

Question 81

common errors and pitfalls

Answer 81

``` error 1. undeclared/uninitialized variables and unused variables error 2. integer overflow error 3. round-off errors error 4. unintended integer division pitfall 1. redundant input objects ```

Question 82

ASCII characters to know: A, a, space, carriage return, tab

Answer 82

``` A: 65 a: 97 space: 32 carriage return: 13 tab: 9 ```

Question 83

ASCII is an ?-bit calculation

Answer 83

8-bit

Question 84

Unicode Text Format (UTF) has two bytes per character, but the first ? characters are ASCII

Answer 84

128 char

Question 85

what is ASCII?

Answer 85

American standard code for information interchange (that crazy chart in your notes)