CSCS Test

Question 1

1st class lever

Answer 1

a lever which the muscle force and the resistance are on opposite sides of the fulcrum

Question 2

2nd class lever

Answer 2

a lever which the muscle force and the resistance are on the same side of fulcrum, with m. force having a longer moment arm (calf)
-mechanical advantage

Question 3

3rd class lever

Answer 3

a lever which the muscle force and resistance are on the same side of fulcrum with resistance having longer moment arm
-mechanical disadvantage

Question 4

Angular displacement

Answer 4

the angle through which an object rotates

Question 5

Is the force a muscle can exert related to its cross sectional area or volume?

Answer 5

-CSA

Question 6

What type of lever is elbow extension?

Answer 6

First

Question 7

What type of lever is elbow flexion?

Answer 7

Third

Question 8

What type of lever is the calf?

Answer 8

Second

Question 9

Power definition?

Answer 9

• rate of doing work

- work/time

Question 10

Work definition

Answer 10

force x displacement

Question 11

Muscles with greater pennation have

Answer 11

• more sarcomeres in parallel

- are able to generate more force at lower velocities

Question 12

When can a muscle generate the greatest amount of force?

Answer 12

Its resting length b/c actin and myosin lie next to each other

Question 13

The force capability of muscle inclines/declines as the velocity of contraction increases?

Answer 13

declines

Question 14

Classic formula for comparing strength

Answer 14

load lifted / 2/3 body weight

Question 15

Bracketing technique

Answer 15

-when an athlete performs a sport movement with lower and heavier than normal resistance

Question 16

When should an athlete wear a weight belt?

Answer 16

maximal and near maximal sets

Question 17

The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones

Answer 17

catabolism

Question 18

The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones

Answer 18

Anabolism

Question 19

Exergonic reaction

Answer 19

energy releasing and catabolic

Question 20

Endergonic reactions

Answer 20

require energy and anabolic

Question 21

Phosphagen system equation

Answer 21

ADP + CP ATP + Creatine

Creatine kinase enzyme over arrows

Question 22

How much ATP does the body store?

Answer 22

80-100g

• cannot be completely depleted
• skeletal muscle [ ] of CP are 4-6x higher than ATP

Question 23

Glycolysis

Answer 23

-breakdown of carbohydrate, either glycogen in muscle or glucose in blood to re-synthesize ATP

Question 24

What is the end result of glycolysis and where can it go?

Answer 24

• Pyruvate
• converted to lactate in sarcoplasm OR
• shuttled into mitochondria

Question 25

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 25

- Pyruvate is converted to lactate via regeneration of NAD+ | - limited in duration d/t H+ production

Question 26

Aerobic glycolysis

Answer 26

- Pyruvate shuttled into mitochondria for Krebs cycle, | - ATP resynth is slow but can occur for longer duration

Question 27

Phosphorylation

Answer 27

- process of adding inorganic phosphate (P) to another molecule - ADP + P = ATP

Question 28

Lactate threshold

Answer 28

exercise intensity at which blood lactate begins an abrupt increase above baseline concentrations -increased reliance on anaerobics for energy production

Question 29

When does lactate threshold occur?

Answer 29

- 50-60% maximal O2 uptake in untrained | - 70-80% in trained

Question 30

How many ATP produced for breakdown of single triglyceride (fat)

Answer 30

-Over 300

Question 31

How many net ATP are produced via oxidative system for one glucose molecule

Answer 31

-38

Question 32

Allosteric binding site

Answer 32

-substances other than hormones can enhance or reduce the cellular response to the primary hormone

Question 33

Effects of Testosterone

Answer 33

- stimulates IGF-1 secretion - protein synthesis - growth and metabolism

Question 34

Exercise variables that increase GH, Testosterone, and cortisol levels,

Answer 34

- large m. group exercises - heavy resistance - high volume - short rest intervals - long training experience

Question 35

Effects of Growth Hormone

Answer 35

decreased: glucose utilization/synthesis Increased: protein and collagen synthesis, FFA utilization, lipolysis

Question 36

Which hormone has the greatest influence on neural changes?

Answer 36

-Testosterone

Question 37

Acute hormonal changes to exercise provide details about?

Answer 37

- amount and type of stress - metabolic demands of the exercise - need for changes in resting metabolism