CSMP - Exam Flashcards
What 7 factors make up a place identity?
1) Connections to the place
2) Built / Natural Environment
3) Cultural identity
4) Demographic
5) Historic
6) Socio - economic
7) Political
What 5 types of informal representation could influence the way someone views a place?
1) Media - Tv, Films, Adverts
2) Social Media
3) Newspapers
4) Blogs
5) Art
What 3 types of formal representation could influence the way someone views a place?
1) Census data (once every 10 yrs)
2) Legal documents
3) OS maps / GIS data
Differences between informal and formal representation
Informal = Subjective bias, which is likely affected due to personal opinion of the place.
Formal = Objective data, no bias.
Define Interdependance
The reliance of countries upon other countries such that no country can survive in isolation (in terms of trade, capital and labour).
Define Globalisation
The growing interdependence of countries due to the increasing integration of trade, finance, people and ideas in one global marketplace.
Define Interconnected
The idea that countries are connected via the internet, trade and transport.
Time space compression
The concept of space has been compressed in relation to time. E.G. phone calling Australia while being in UK.
Friction of distance
The amount of time and effort taken to travel. E.g Planes have made travelling faster & easier.
Global village
The world does not seem to be as big as it used to be, due to interconnection and friction of distance shortened.
5 factors which effect place perception
Age:
People’s perceptions change depending on their age. For instance, if a young child were to go to a theme park aimed at young children, they would enjoy it more than older children. This means that age can change the perception of a place, and whether or not it is held in a positive light by the perceptor.
Gender:
Gender can also change the perception of a place. For example, if a woman was to go to a gentlemans club, they would not be welcomed and would therefore not have a good perception of that place compared to what a male would have.
Sexuality:
Sexuality can play a part in what their perception of a place would be. For instance, same sex couples are not allowed in countries such as Saudi Arabia. This would create a negative perception of the place for gay people.
Religious:
Religion can change the place perceptions for areas such as holy places and prayer areas. A muslim will have a different experience of a mosque compared to an atheist, as they will feel a stronger connection to the place.
Role:
Your role in a place can change how you perceive it, like a janitor working somewhere compared to a visitor visiting a place. If you work at a place, then your perception will be different compared to someone visiting for leisure.
Past connections
Past:
Ethnic connections, such as past migration patterns.
- E.g. Japanese coffee cultivators living in brazil, have their own communities, shaping place identity
Historical connections such as street names and old buildings
- Old Portsmouth; past historical connections to the maritime industry and navy
Present connections
Present:
- Modern day workflows
- E.g. Guildford being a commuters belt city, growing due to the expansion
- This therefore influences socioeconomic features within the city, due to its present day connection with London
Shifting flows of people, what it relates to, and how it can differ.
Migration
Both inflows and outflows of people
There are migrant corridors which exist between countries
Migration patterns can be influenced by the life cycle of the migrants; For example, Laos working age migrants moving due to push factors in their home countries
This can also be dependent on the type of place;
- London higher rates of highly skilled socio-economic migrants
- Compared to Rural areas in the UK; Also dependent on the current global situation:
- Covid-19 + Brexit resulting in work visas + migration of European fruit pickers
Resources effecting place characteristics, with examples.
The availability of resources in a place can effect its characteristics.
- EDC - Seirra Leone
- Faced challenges by Colonial influences + MNCs + Corruption
- Leading to the exploitation of workers + low socioeconomics
- Built characteristics = Quarry and workers villages
- AC - UAE, Dubai specifically, detransitioning from an oil based economy to tourism.
- Effected its built environment heavily
- In addition to its socio economics
- As it has now transitioned to tertiary industry due to business incentives (low tax)
Levels of government which affect place characteristics via investment in a place:
- Transitional
- Organisations operating across international borders such as the UN and EU
- National
- The organisation responsible for government within a sovereign country
- Regional
- This depends on how any one particular country is organised. In Germany there is a strong system of regional government allowing for stronger focus on regional socioeconomic development; Can be seen in the UK in devolution and US due to state federalism
- Local
- Local town councils and parishes. Not on a regional scale (e.g. Hampshire, England) but instead local (Hilsea)
EDC inequality case study
South Africa - Cape Town
EDC inequality CS - Evidence of social inequality
High proportions of Black SA population are living in shanty town “township” settlements → Poor resources; Little clean water, no sewage.
This is spatial inequality.
In contrast, white majority areas tend to be gated communities → This is due to white population feeling unsafe around black population (e.g Trespassing signs written in minority languages).
To this day there is a large disparity between races in terms of employment rates.
Social mobility (moving up social classes) is harder for black SA to white SA.
There is a current water crisis due to inequality.
EDC inequality CS - Social inequality measurement Stats
SA Gini Coefficient is 0.63
Human Development Index is 0.67
EDC inequality CS - Causes of social inequality
Demographic:
Apartheid (from 1948/1994) - Forced segregation between races in SA.
Apartheid came to an end in 1994, but there is still a legacy of inequality to this day.
Class inequality - Classism exists in SA due to the wealthier white citizens possessing the majority of the wealth in SA.
EDC Inequality CS - Impacts of social inequality
Demographic:
Segregation began with the group areas act, where different races were forcibly moved to separate areas.
Black population were given ID’s to prevent them from going to white areas.
Gini = 0.63 → The Government is to blame for this; democratic alliance.
Spatial inequality:
New apartment complexes for the wealthy being built next to slums for the poor / low class. Has traces of racism also
EDC Inequality CS - What is being done to tackle social inequality?
Education:
New schools being built - to educate lower class individuals who have less opportunities to become skilled high earners.
“The number of schools within the greater City of Cape Town increased gradually since 2014 amidst rising population figures which increased the demand for educational facilities. There were 760 schools within the greater City of Cape Town in 2016 which accommodated 639 251 learners.”
Healthcare:
New hospitals being built to accommodate the wider population - Primary and secondary check in centres.
No. of Ambulances increased.
Income inequality and Poverty:
HD index decreased through 2000 - 0.63 HDI
0.72 as of 2020
AC Inequality CS
Manchester
AC Inequality CS - Evidence of social inequality
Income inequality:
that 157,000 Greater Manchester households are experiencing fuel poverty (when population cannot afford heating).
Around 250,000 people are claiming help towards housing costs.
20% of all jobs in the region are paid less than the Real Living Wage.
The Annual Greater Manchester Poverty Monitor for this year shows a total of 620,000 people are living in poverty in the city-region, including 200,000 children.
Demographic:
Large amounts of racism:
Robert Browne calling a teacher a Paki and chasing him with umbrellas, fined £300
