CSS

Question 1

What are the names of the individual pieces of a CSS rule?

Answer 1

one or more selectors, and a declaration block in curbraces, containing property/value pairs separated by semi-colons

• selector
• ruleset
• property/value pairs

Question 2

In CSS, how do you select elements by their class attribute?

Answer 2

with .classname selector

Question 3

In CSS, how do you select elements by their type?

Answer 3

with the element’s name

Question 4

In CSS, how do you select an element by its id attribute?

Answer 4

with #idname selector

Question 5

Name three different types of values you can use to specify colors in CSS.

Answer 5

• • RGB values
• • HEX codes
• • color names

Question 6

What CSS properties make up the box model?

Answer 6

• • margin
• • padding
• • border
• • content

Question 7

Which CSS property pushes boxes away from each other?

Answer 7

margin

Question 8

Which CSS property add space between a box’s content and its border?

Answer 8

padding

Question 9

What is a pseudo-class?

Answer 9

A CSS pseudo-class is a keyword added to a selector that specifies a special state of the selected element(s) (can be a user-prompted state or a passive relational state).
ex: :hover, :focus, :playing, :visited, :nth-child(odd)

Question 10

What are CSS pseudo-classes useful for?

Answer 10

• • user feedback, allows changing of elements as user interacts with them
• • responding to changing states of elements on the site
• • selecting elements by various relationships, types, states

Question 11

Name two types of units that can be used to adjust font-size in CSS.

Answer 11

• • pixels, percentages, and ems (width of letter m)

- - rem (based on font size of root html element)

Question 12

What CSS property controls the font used for the text inside an element?

Answer 12

font-family:

Question 13

What are the four components of “the Cascade”

Answer 13

in decreasing order:

• • 1 !importance
• • 2 specificity
• • 3 source order
• • 4 inheritance

Question 14

What does the term “source order” mean with respect to CSS?

Answer 14

–the order rules are written and read in CSS
Source order is, simply put, the order that your CSS rules are written in your stylesheet.

“…in a specificity tie, the last rule defined wins.”

Question 15

How is it possible for the styles of an element to be applied to its children as well without an additional CSS rule?

Answer 15

inheritance

Question 16

List the three selector types in order of increasing specificity.

Answer 16

• • type selectors
• • class selectors
• • ID selectors

Question 17

Why is using !important considered bad practice?

Answer 17

– it makes debugging more difficult because it breaks the natural cascading rules of a stylesheet

Question 18

What is the default flex-direction of a flex container?

Answer 18

row: left to right

Question 19

What is the default flex-wrap of a flex container?

Answer 19

nowrap (default): all flex items will be on one line

Question 20

Why do two div elements “vertically stack” on one another by default?

Answer 20

bc divs are block elements that take up all their horizontal space

Question 21

What is the default flex-direction of an element with display: flex?

Answer 21

row (ltr)

Question 22

q) why does img {width: 100%} work?

Answer 22

• • by default images will take up their full size.
• • img {width: 100%} will constrain the image to the size of the container.
• • this solves the problem of the image going beyond the container.
• • requires the parent div to have a size set

Question 23

What is the default value for the position property of HTML elements?

Answer 23

position: static

Question 24

How does setting position: relative on an element affect document flow?

Answer 24

it does not

setting relative allows things to be moved, but doesn’t move anything itself

Question 25

How does setting position: relative on an element affect where it appears on the page?

Answer 25

it does not setting relative allows things to be moved, but doesn't move anything itself

Question 26

How does setting position: absolute on an element affect document flow?

Answer 26

- - other elements will act as if it doesn't exist - - that element no longer effects the positions of others on the page - - removes from the normal flow of doc, sits above now

Question 27

How does setting position: absolute on an element affect where it appears on the page?

Answer 27

align itself to first non-static position parent

Question 28

How do you constrain an absolutely positioned element to a containing block?

Answer 28

- - assign position: relative on the container - - assign a non-static position value to container - - absolute/fixed will look for the first relative/non-static container to align itself to

Question 29

What are the four box offset properties?

Answer 29

- - top - - right - - bottom - - left

Question 30

utility classes !?

Answer 30

make single-purpose utility classes in css to assign to elements in html, rather than adding properties to each element in css

.util-2 { itOnlyDoes: one-thing; orMaybe: two-things; }

Question 31

What does the transform property do?

Answer 31

-- allows adjustment of an element on the page The transform CSS property lets you rotate, scale, skew, or translate an element. It modifies the coordinate space of the CSS visual formatting model.

Question 32

Give four examples of CSS transform functions.

Answer 32

-- translate, scale, rotate, skew, and matrix (

Question 33

explain: button:active { transform: translateY(0.25rem); }

Answer 33

when the button is pressed, drop it down the Y a little. it will revert when no longer pressed

Question 34

explain: .pokeball-row .pokeball-wrapper:first-child .pokeball:first-child { transform: rotate(30deg); }

Answer 34

rotate by 30deg the first .pokeball child of the first .pokeball-wrapper child in the .pokeball-row parent container

Question 35

explain: .pokeball-row .pokeball-wrapper:last-child .pokeball:first-child { transform: rotate(-30deg); }

Answer 35

rotate by -30deg the first .pokeball child of the LAST .pokeball-wrapper child in the .pokeball-row parent container

Question 36

The transition property is shorthand for which four CSS properties?

Answer 36

- - transition-property - - transition-duration - - transition-timing-function - - transition-delay

Question 37

Give two examples of media features that you can query in an @media rule.

Answer 37

- - color - - orientation - - width - - aspect-ratio - - device-aspect-ratio

Question 38

Which HTML meta tag is used in mobile-responsive web pages?

Answer 38

-- viewport

Question 39

***ALWAYS USE META VIEWPORT TAG*** meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" what does that say?

Answer 39

it says: whatever device is being used to view this page make sure you set the width of that device equal to the width of the webpage ( it's so important that it's included in the basic html skelly that's gets made when you do this: ! + TAB = instant HTML skelly!! )

Question 40

What is a breakpoint in responsive Web design?

Answer 40

- - a point at which the @media fires | - - a point at which the layout will change

Question 41

What is the advantage of using a percentage (e.g. 50%) width instead of a fixed (e.g. px) width for a "column" class in a responsive layout?

Answer 41

-- scales to all size displays

Question 42

If you introduce CSS rules for a smaller min-width after the styles for a larger min-width in your style sheet, the CSS rules for the smaller min-width will "win". Why is that?

Answer 42

-- Source Order: lower on the page = winner