CTEV Flashcards
What does CTEV stand for?
Congenital Talipes Equinovarus
What is another term for CTEV?
Clubfoot
What joints are involved in CTEV?
Talocalcaneonavicular (subtalar) joint
What does โtalipesโ refer to?
Talus (ankle) and pes (foot)
What does โequinovarusโ mean?
Equino - like a horse; Varus - turned inward
What are the 4 clinical components of CTEV?
Cavus, Adduction, Varus, Equinus
What does โCavusโ mean in CTEV?
Exaggerated medial longitudinal arch at midfoot
What does โAdductionโ mean in CTEV?
Forefoot in adduction at tarsometatarsal junction
What does โVarusโ mean in CTEV?
Hindfoot rotated inward at talonavicular joint
What does โEquinusโ mean in CTEV?
Foot fixed in plantar flexion at ankle joint
What is the incidence of CTEV?
1-2 per 1000 live births
What is the male to female ratio in CTEV?
2.5:1
Is CTEV usually bilateral?
> 50% cases are bilateral
What is the most common cause of CTEV?
Idiopathic
What embryonic theory explains idiopathic CTEV?
Arrested fetal development at 6-8 weeks (Bohm)
What mechanical factor has been proposed for CTEV?
Uterine compression (Hippocrates)
What is the vascular hypothesis of CTEV?
Cessation of fetal circulation causes soft tissue contractures
What did Ponseti and Ippolito find in CTEV?
Increased collagen fibers and fibroblasts in tendons/ligaments
What hereditary pattern can CTEV follow?
Autosomal dominant or recessive (Wynne-Davies)
Name one syndrome associated with secondary CTEV.
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
What are the major bones involved in CTEV deformity?
Talus, Navicular, Calcaneum, Cuboid
How is the talus affected in CTEV?
Head and neck deviated medially and downward
How is the navicular affected in CTEV?
Medial and plantar displacement near medial malleolus
How is the calcaneum affected in CTEV?
Small, medially rotated, causes varus and equinus of heel
