CTO

Question 0

Astrocytes…

Functions

Answer 0

1. Regulate extracellular ionic conc.
2. Physically support neuron differentiation.
3. Extending ‘Peri vascular Feet’ to support the BBB
4. Moving nutrients and waste

these are the most common glial cells in the CNS

Question 1

Microglia…

Function?
Derivation?

Answer 1

Small glial cells with short irregular processes in grey and white matter that migrate the neuropil, secreting cytokines and presenting antigens. Note, these are MOTILE.

They come form monocytes.

Question 2

Choroid Plexus

What is it?

Function?

Answer 2

Specialized tissue with villi projecting into the ventricles of the brain.

Removes water from blood and releases it as CSF.

Question 3

Satellite cells

Location?
Function?

Answer 3

Located in sensory ganglia.

Support neuron cell bodies.

Question 4

Oligodendricytes

Location?
Fx?

Answer 4

Located in CNS only.

Provide myelin sheaths to numerous axons. (Thus myelin is not nucleated around cell as it appears in PNS)

Question 5

Elastic Arteries
I?
M?
A?

Answer 5

I: endothelium, CT w/ SM
M: Many elastic lamelle / SM
A: CT, thinner than media, Vasa Vassorum

Question 6

Muscular arteries
I:
M:
A:
Size:

Answer 6

I: Endothelium,, CT w/ SM, internal elastic lamina
M: Many SM layers, less elastic material
A: CT thinner than media
Size: 1 to 10 mm

Question 7

Small artery
I:
M:
A:
Size

Answer 7

I: CT, less SM
M: 3 to 10 layers SM
A: CT, NO VV
size: 0.1 to 1 mm

Question 8

Arteriole
I:
M:
A:
Size?

Answer 8

I: No CT, No SM
M: 1 to 3 layers SM
A: Very thin CT
Size: 10 to 100 um

Question 9

Cappilaries:
I:
M:
A:
Size:

Answer 9

I: endothelium ONLY
M: Pericytes only
A: None
Size: 4 to 10 um

Question 10

Venule
I:
M:
A:
Size:

Answer 10

I: Endothelium, no valves
M: Scattered SM
A: NONE
Size: 10 to 100 um

Question 11

Small vein:
I
M
A
Size

Answer 11

I: Endothelium, CT, scattered SM
M: 2-3 loose SM layers
A: CT, thicker than Media
Size 0.1 to 1 mm

Question 12

Medium vein
I:
M:
A:
Size:

Answer 12

I: endothelium, CT, HAS VALVES
M: 3 to 5 SM layers
A: Thicker than media, long. SM
Size: 1 to 10 mm

Question 13

Large veins
I:
M:
A:
Size:

Answer 13

I: Endothelium, CT, SM, prominent valves
M: more tthan 5 layers SM
A: Thickest layer, bundled long. SM
10+ mm

Question 14

Name the 5 leukocytes

Answer 14

1. Neutrophil
2. Eosinophil
3. Basophil
4. Lymphocyte
5. Monocyte

Question 15

Neutrophil
Nuclear appearance?
Granule color?
Function?
Diff count?

Answer 15

3-5 lobes,
Faint pink
kill/phagocytose bacteria
57-67 %

Question 16

Eosinophil
Nuclear appearance?
Granule color?
function?
diff count?

Answer 16

Bilobed
Red/dark pink
Kill parasites
1 - 3 %

Question 17

Basophil:
Nuc apperance?
Granule color?
function
diff count?

Answer 17

bilobed or S shapes
dark blue/purple
release histamine
0 - 0.75 %

Question 18

Lymphocytes
nucleus?
Granules?
fx?
diff count?

Answer 18

spherical
NO GRANULES
effector for adaptive immunity
25-33%

Question 19

Monocyte:
Nucleus
Granules?
fx
diff count

Answer 19

indented or C shape
NON GRANULAR
precurse macrophages
3 to 7 %

Question 20

Normal Hct

Answer 20

35 to 49%

Question 21

Normal Hb

Answer 21

13.5 - 17.5 mg/dL

Question 22

Normal Na+

Answer 22

135 to 145 mEq/L

Question 23

Normal K+

Answer 23

3.5 - 5.1 mEq/L

Question 24

Normal HCO-3

Answer 24

22 - 29 mEq/L

Question 25

Normal Cl-

Answer 25

98 - 106 mEq/L

Question 26

Normal Ca++

Answer 26

8.4 - 10.2 mg/dL

Question 27

Fasting GLU

Answer 27

75 to 115 mg/dL

Question 28

Platelets (Thrombocytes) Size? Diff count?

Answer 28

2 - 3 um | 150000 to 450000 /uL

Question 29

_______ and ________ proteins maintain the erythrocyte shape

Answer 29

Spectrin and Actin

Question 30

Reticulocyte

Answer 30

Final stage in red cell maturation before a mature erythrocyte....has ribosome visible in EM

Question 31

Macrophages come from:

Answer 31

Monocytes

Question 32

Platlets are derived from: __________

Answer 32

Megakkaryocytes