CUE: Social Segregation And Cultural Diversity

Question 1

In London 2015, how many residents were of BAME origin (Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic)?

Answer 1

Just over 3.8 million

Question 2

What are some benefits of being culturally diverse?

Answer 2

• Skills brought in
• abilities to learn about different cultures
• different foods from around the world
• music variety
• enrichment (economic boosts form cultural events and businesses)

Question 3

What is a multicultural society?

Answer 3

The status of several different ethnic, racial, religious or cultural groups coexisting in harmony in the same society

Question 4

What are some of the issues associated with cultural diversity?

Answer 4

-Local authorities may need to provide bilingual literature/translations, English lessons may need providing.
- Schools may need to alter their curriculum/change holidays to account for different ethnic groups
- Variations in academic attainment has been noted
- Tensions between groups can lead to violence.
- schools sometimes dominated by a particular group
- In USA, the term ghetto describes areas where majority of residents are ethnic/cultural minorities- often a derogatory term linking to poorer areas

Question 5

What is social segregation?

Answer 5

The separation or clustering of people based usually on class, wealth or ethnicity

Question 6

What are some examples of social segregation?

Answer 6

• traditionally, migrants have been a source of cheap labour, forcing them into areas of cheap housing
• ethnic minority’s have been discriminated against in access to local authority housing. Have also been less successful in securing mortgage loans
• hostility from the majority population
• movement of the majority pops out of the area into which minority pops have moved - referred to as a ‘white fight’

Question 7

What are some ways to reduce social segregation?

Answer 7

• migrants seek support and security living near friends and relatives within an ethnic minority community
• provision of specialist facilities as a place of worship and food shops
• protection against racial abuse and attacks from the majority pop
• maintenance on culture, language and traditions

Question 8

Why do most migrants move to urban areas?

Answer 8

Industrial cities provide jobs in manufacturing and industry – this attracted many migrants in the 1950s and 1960s – e.g. Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool – also have international transport hubs (airports and ports)
Immigrants workers then help others from their family or community to join them in the UK – They often move to the same area and set up communities of ethnic minorities – ‘Chain migration’
London attracts migrants because it is a global hub – a place that lots of people pass through and where many international and business organisations operate – jobs in manufacturing, transport, health and tourism are available

Question 9

Why do migrants from Poland want to live in Peterborough?

Answer 9

• easier work
• more money - ‘get as much in a week that they normally got in a month at home’
• settle in factories, farms, picking and packing

Question 10

What are some of the housing issues in Peterborough?

Answer 10

• many families living in one home
• sold to speculators and needs better planning for immigrants
• ethnic minorities are usually less successful at securing mortgage loans

Question 11

What are some of the economic issues in Peterborough?

Answer 11

• youth unemployment
• labour shortages, particularly in the services (NHS) and manufacturing sectors
• resentment, especially during time of economic recession

Question 12

What are some of the education issues in Peterborough?

Answer 12

• Children can’t always get a place in school, most schools are at full capacity
• some schools having only one student with English being their first language - additional English lessons needed

Question 13

How is health a problem in Peterborough?

Answer 13

• harder due to language barriers
• more money needed to fund more patients, more supplies and more translators
• so therefore sometimes poorer levels of health

Question 14

How is religion a problem in Peterborough?

Answer 14

• migrants may wish to follow their own religious calendars
• friction with employers and local communities
• potential conflict

Question 15

How is gender a problem in Peterborough?

Answer 15

• prostitution for some women
• mostly men coming over, women and kids left at home
• women may be disadvantaged from getting possible employment

Question 16

What are some of the language issues in Peterborough?

Answer 16

• police having to hire bilinguals to help with language barriers
• extra funding for translators
• restricts employment and education opportunities

Question 17

What are Peterborough doing to attempt integration?

Answer 17

• an initiative called ‘belonging together’ where they are trying to increase economic opportunities- by offering English classes, careers fairs and develop new skills through volunteering
• bringing communities together - deliver a community fund, manage and control numbers of houses of multiple occupancy (HMOs), develop communities to tackle domestic abuse and sexual violence, and develop a local approach to governance
• establish a young peoples Interfaith’s network and offer english lessons (35% of young people speak a different language)

Question 18

What are some strategies to manage urban issues of economic inequality and social segregation?

Answer 18

• improving transport links to make it easier for the urban poor to access jobs
• Subsidising the building of affordable housing
• Introducing a minimum wage
• Subsidies for new companies
• Slum upgrades or clearance with a view to new developments
• Anti discrimination regulations and enforcement
• Political participation
• Community involvement

Question 19

What are the attempts in London to manage its social and economic issues?

Answer 19

The London Living wage increased in 2016 to £9.75 an hour – higher than the rest of the country (£1.30 more)
Plans are being made to build more affordable homes
The police are attempting to tackle hate crime.
Some charities are calling for better access to English language classes and mentoring schemes to help with integration.

Question 20

What are the social and economic problems in Mumbai?

Answer 20

More than half the population live in slums
Poor living conditions – cramped, poorly built, often lacking water supply and sanitation.
In contrast – ¼ of all India’s millionaires live in Mumbai – close to the CBD.
Literacy is around 60% in the slums and about 90% in the city as a whole. Literacy rates are lower for women.
There are few opportunities for women in the slum areas – some resort to prostitution and this has led to high rates of HIV.
Only around 30% of slum residents have access to public healthcare.
Outbreaks of disease (e.g. malaria and dengue fever) are common and infant mortality is high (26 per 1000)
Recent migrants from Africa are often racially discriminated against.
The average Indian would have to work for 3 centuries to be able to afford a luxury home in Mumbai

Question 21

What are the attempts to reduce inequality in Mumbai?

Answer 21

The Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centres, better known as SPARC, is an NGO that supports the efforts of local people to get better housing for their many members.
Involving the slum community with planning decisions.
Proposals for the government to assist inpeople improving their homes e.g. better building materials as seen in Rio.
Improving transport links
Encouraging people to support local businesses