Cullom Chapter 4

Question 0

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 0

Was the first to observe living cells

Question 1

Robert Hooke

Answer 1

Discovered cells in slices of cork

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

All living organisms are made of one or more cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function
Cells come only from pre-existing cells

Question 3

Cell shape

Answer 3

A cells shape reflects its function

Question 4

Cell size

Answer 4

Limited by a cells surface area to volume ratio

Question 5

Surface area

Answer 5

Hxwx#s

Question 6

Volume

Answer 6

Hxwxd

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

The region of the cell inside of the plasma membrane but outside of the nucleus. Includes organelles

Question 8

Plasma membrane

Answer 8

Covers a cells surface and act as a barrier between the inside and the outside of a cell

Question 9

Cytosol

Answer 9

Liquid part of cytoplasm

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

A membrane bound organelle that contains a cells d.n.a.
Directs cells DNA
Holds DNA
Makes proteins
Act as enzymes
Chemical reactions

Question 11

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 11

Lack of nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Very small
First cells on earth
Bacteria

Question 12

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Evolved later
Cells of all multicellular organisms and complex single celled organisms

Question 13

Cellular organization

Answer 13

Cells tissue organ organ system

Question 14

Membrane lipids

Answer 14

Cell membranes consist of a phospholipid bilayer

Question 15

Membrane proteins

Answer 15

Cell membranes often contain proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer

Question 16

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 16

States that the phospholipid bilayer acts more like a fluid than a solid

Question 17

Nuclear envelope

Answer 17

Surrounds a nucleus with a double membrane

Question 18

Nucleolus

Answer 18

Makes RNA

Question 19

Mitochondria

Answer 19

Harvest energy from organic compounds and transfer it to ATP cellular respiration

Question 20

Ribosomes

Answer 20

Either free or attached to the rough ER and play a role in protein synthesis

Question 21

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

Builds lipids and participates in detoxification of toxins

Question 22

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

Prepares proteins for export or insertion into the cell membrane, has ribosomes

Question 23

Golgi apparatus

Answer 23

Processes and packages proteins

Question 24

Vesicles

Answer 24

Anything that contains something

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

Digestive enzymes

Question 26

Peroxisomes

Answer 26

Detoxification enzymes

Question 27

Protein synthesis

Answer 27

Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles work together to transport proteins to their destinations inside and outside of the cell

Question 28

Cytoskeleton

Answer 28

Made of protein fibers that help cells move and maintain shape

Question 29

Cilia and flagella

Answer 29

Hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell where they assist in movement

Question 30

Centrioles

Answer 30

Organize the micro tubules of the cytoskeleton during cell division

Question 31

Cell wall

Answer 31

A rigid layer that surrounds the plants plasma membrane

Question 32

Central vacuole

Answer 32

A large fluid filled organelle that contains water and enzymes

Question 33

Plastids

Answer 33

Surrounded by a double membrane and contain DNA

Question 34

Chloroplasts

Answer 34

Use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water