Cultivation: Terrestrial and Aquatic Microbes

Question 1

Soil may be . . .

Answer 1

Organic (rarely) or inorganic (common)

Question 2

What contributes to soil formation?

Answer 2

Physical/chemical processes and microbial activities, animals living in soil mix and aerate upper layers

Question 3

How to do photorophs play a role in soil formation?

Answer 3

Phototrophs (lichens) grow on bare rock and produce organic matter

Question 4

Water availability affects . . .

Answer 4

O2 availability

Question 5

Nutrient status

Answer 5

Microbial activity may be limited by C, N or P

Question 6

O2 availability is high in

Answer 6

well-drained soil

Question 7

O2 availability is low in

Answer 7

water-logged soil - anorexic area

Question 8

Surface soil is . . .

Answer 8

nutrient rich, very high microbe activity

Question 9

Deeper the soil the . . .

Answer 9

lower the nutrient concentration, microbes present but not very productive

Question 10

Near soil pores

Answer 10

Microbial cells accumulate

Question 11

Culture-dependent methods create

Answer 11

enrichment bias

Question 12

Rhizosphere

Answer 12

Soil that surrounds plant roots, plants roots release nutrients, causing higher microbial numbers

Question 13

Rhizosphere microbes produce

Answer 13

Rhizosphere microbes to stimulate plant growth and antibiotics to prevent growth of pathogens

Question 14

Rhizosphere microbes fix

Answer 14

Atmospheric nitrogen for plant root uptake

Question 15

Rhizosphere microbes solubilize

Answer 15

Phosphate for plant root uptake

Question 16

Rhizoplane

Answer 16

Actual root surface - source of root exudates

Question 17

Phyllosphere

Answer 17

Surface of plant leaf

Question 18

Biosphere extends

Answer 18

~ 1km below ground surface

Question 19

Deep terrestrial subsurface microbiomes house

Answer 19

Primarily prokaryotes

Question 20

In aquatic environments, niches are based on

Answer 20

Light and oxygen

Question 21

Algal blooms are initially beneficial because:

Answer 21

Takes up excess nutrients and produces lots of oxygen, grows quickly and consume all nutrients

Question 22

Algal blooms become harmful when

Answer 22

They begin to die, decomposition requires consumption of oxygen by bacteria

Question 23

Biochemical oxygen demand equation:

Answer 23

Initial DO - final DO

Question 24

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)

Answer 24

Changes in dissolved oxygen after 5 days at 20C

Question 25

Open oceans have

Answer 25

Low primary productivity because of limitedinorganic nutrients

Question 26

Inshore areas have

Answer 26

High primary productivity because nutrient rich