Three Domains of Life

Question 1

Which domain(s) have a nuclear membrane?

Answer 1

Eukarya

Question 2

Which domain(s) have membrane-bound organelles?

Answer 2

Common in eukarya, rare in bacteria and archaea

Question 3

Which domains have similar plasma membranes?

Answer 3

Bacteria and eukarya

Question 4

Which domain(s) have cell walls in most species?

Answer 4

Bacteria and archaea

Question 5

How many RNA polymerase does each domain have?

Answer 5

Bacteria and archaea : 1
Eukarya: 3

Question 6

Which domain(s) have histones?

Answer 6

Archaea and eukarya; bacteria has histone-like protein

Question 7

What evidence is there of endosymbiosis theory?

Answer 7

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane, own DNA and can replicate on their own

Question 8

What is the bacteria and eukarya plasma membrane composed of?

Answer 8

Glycerol 3-phosphate, ester linkage, fatty acid chain

Question 9

What is the archaea plasma membrane composed of?

Answer 9

Glycerol 1-phosphate, ether linkage, phytanyl

Question 10

What about the archaea plasma membrane allows it to maintain stability in high temperatures?

Answer 10

The phytanyl tail can link with another phytanyl tail, forming a strong covalent bond

Question 11

What is the archaea cell wall composed of?

Answer 11

B-1,4 linkage, D - amino acids

Question 12

What is the bacterial cell wall composed of?

Answer 12

B-1,3 linkage, L - amino acids

Question 13

Which is more complex, the bacterial or archaeal flagella?

Answer 13

Bacterial

Question 14

How many protein types does bacterial flagella have?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

How many protein types does archaeal bacterial have?

Answer 15

More than 1

Question 16

Thermophile

Answer 16

Lives in temps above 55 C

Question 17

Hyperthermophile

Answer 17

Lives in temps above 80 C

Question 18

Acidophile

Answer 18

Lives in acidic conditions

Question 19

Barophile

Answer 19

Lives in high pressure conditions

Question 20

Which is compositionally different about thermophiles that allows they to live at high temperatures?

Answer 20

Different amino acid composition; more arginine and tyrosine
- Increase side chain interactions between neighbouring amino acids
- creates more stable protein folds

Question 21

Why don’t halophiles dehydrate?

Answer 21

High K+ accumulate inside of cell, balancing Na+ outside of cell

Question 22

How do halophiles prevent DNA damage caused by K+?

Answer 22

High percentage of cytosine and guanine, the three hydrogen bonds keep DNA stable

Question 23

How to fungi feed?

Answer 23

Heterotrophy

Question 24

How do most protozoa feed?

Answer 24

Heterotrophy

Question 25

What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

Answer 25

Gram position - thick layer of peptidoglycan Gram negative - thin layer of peptidoglycan and outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides

Question 26

Which are the only gram positive bacteria?

Answer 26

Firmicutes and actinobacteria

Question 27

Generalized transduction

Answer 27

When a random piece of bacterial chromosomal DNA is transferred by the phage during the lytic cycle

Question 28

Specialized transduction

Answer 28

At the end of the lysogenic cycle, when the prophage is excised, and the bacteriophage enters the lytic cycle