cultural competence Flashcards
what is culture?
from an anthropological perspective:
- culture is learned and shared experiences, symbols and knowledge that gives shape to how one interprets their experience of reality and guides their thoughts and behaviours
what makes culture?
cumulation of language, religions, morals, values, customs that forge together to determine how one adapts to their social/material environment
culture - internalized invisible lens through which we all view the world differently
what is cultural competency?
continual inquiry and awareness of one’s values cultural norms and behaviours and one’s potential for development of assumptions and stereotypes of others
involves constantly self reflecting to deliver optimal care
what is unconscious bias and the diff types?
attitudes and beliefs that occur outside of our awareness and immediate control
Affinity bias - Feeling a connection to those similar to us
Perception bias - Stereotypes and assumptions about diff groups
Halo effect - Projecting positive qualities onto people without actually knowing them
Confirmation bias - Looking to confirm our own opinions and pre-existing ideas
healthcare disparities
more than just ethnic minorities
as pharmacists - need to be cognizant of how multiple factors can all result in a patient receiving less than the care they deserve
examples include - socioeconomic factors, sexual lifestyles/preferences, alcohol or other addictions
stigma
mental health disorders (inc. addiction)
HIV
homosexual/transgender population
homeless
prevalent cultural components
1) family role and dynamics
- help contribute to decision making
- improving patient safety and quality of care
- assisting in home care
- structure and hierarchy of family unit
2) language:
- know what kind of translation services we can offer patient
- want to have open and effective communication
- don’t assume you can effectively rely on family members to translate
3) body language and eye contact
- physical contact variation in cultures
- eye contact variation in cultures
4) eating patterns
- diets in different cultures
5) dietary considerations
- fasting, animal sourced ingredients
6) refugee patients
- poorly controlled conditions
how to provide culturally specific and individualized care?
acronym - LEARN
L - listen to patient/family with empathy
E - explain your perceptions
A - acknowledge concerns, similarities + differences
R - recommend treatment options
N - negotiate a plan of agreement
what is effective communication?
open ended questions
empathetic responses
teach back to check understanding
tone of voice
body language - eye contact or lack of eye contact, personal space
