cultural literacy 42 Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Sunnis’ core belief
A
Abu Bakr (Mohammed’s friend) was rightful successor
2
Q
Shias’ core belief
A
Ali (Mohammed’s cousin and son-in-law) was rightful successor
3
Q
guardianship of the just
A
founding principle of Iranian theocracy
4
Q
Salafism
A
another name for Wahabism
5
Q
the Takbir
A
literally, the “magnification of God”, i.e. the proclamation that God is great (“Allahu akbar!”)
6
Q
to say the Takbir
A
to say “Allahu akbar!”
7
Q
Ibn Saud
A
founder and king of Saudi Arabia
8
Q
kings of Saudi Arabia (all sons of Ibn Saud) since Saud
A
Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd, Abdullah, Salman
9
Q
Mohammed bin Salman
A
son of Salman and current crown prince of Saudi Arabia
10
Q
omertà
A
southern Italian code of silence
11
Q
cognomen
A
nickname
12
Q
RFID
A
radio frequency identification
13
Q
Hadoop
A
a collection of software utilities that facilitates using a network of computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data and computation
14
Q
cross faded
A
drunk and high at the same time (slang)
15
Q
microtonal
A
of a musical scale in which traditional distance between any frequency relationship is divided into more than 12 notes
16
Q
Ivan Wyschnegradsky
A
Russian composer of microtonal music who used the quarter tone scale (24 notes) and even a scale divided into 72 notes
17
Q
sleeve
A
in construction/electronics, a protective cylindrical casing for pipes/wires
18
Q
James Cain
A
author of Double Indemnity and The Postman Always Rings Twice
19
Q
breech birth
A
the birthing of a baby bottom first (instead of head first)
20
Q
FKK
A
Freikörperkultur (nudist movement in Germany with beaches)
21
Q
pincer movement
A
military maneuver in which flanks of the advancing opponent are surrounded and pinched by the attacked force
22
Q
“Once more unto the breach…”
A
“…dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead.” –Henry V
23
Q
“Love is All Around”
A
The Troggs (“I feel it in my fingers. I feel it in my toes…”)
24
Q
“Exit, pursued by a bear.”
A
Shakespeare’s most famous stage direction, in The Winter’s Tale
25
squiffy/squiffed
slightly drunk, buzzed
26
Chrimble
(British, humorous) Christmas
27
todge
(Brit. slang) penis (in humans or animals)
28
What's the crack?
What's going on, what's up, what's the word? (Dub)
29
That was great crack.
That was the bomb/shit. (Dub)
30
a ride
a hottie (Dub)
31
Mickey
penis (Irish English)
32
Got a few jars in.
I've had a few drinks. (Dub)
33
Janey Mac
euphemism for Jesus Christ (Dub)
34
wrecking sb's head
annoying sb (Dub)
35
giving it socks
going crazy on the dancefloor (Dub)
36
going on the lash
going out on the piss/on the town (Dub)
37
I'm dyin' for me hole.
I'm dying for a drink. (Dub)
38
punter
(Brit. slang) chump, mark (gambling or con), but loosely used to refer to a customer or fan, cf. sarcastic "innocent bystander"
39
Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow
Prussian military writer, brother of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow, and author of _The Spirit of The Modern System of War_
40
Dietrich Heinrich von Bülow
alternative English name sometimes given for Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow
41
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow
Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars, brother of Adam von Bülow
42
_Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case_
1985 book about the trial and acquittal of English socialite Claus von Bülow, who was defended by Alan Dershowitz
43
_Reversal of Fortune_
1990 movie with Jeremy Irons and Glenn Close, based on the Dershowitz book
44
generational warfare
a theory of the historical evolution of strategies and modes of conducting war that divides the history of warfare into 3 to 5 stages (the last two, 4GW and 5GW, being controversial)
45
fourth generation warfare
within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by the centrality of non-state actors, media and culture, and insurgency
46
fifth generation warfare
within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by tactics like lawfare, social media influence operations and cyberattacks
47
Clausewitz's trinity
three forces at work in any war: hostility, chance, desire to direct the conflict to some end or purpose
48
distortion of Clausewitz's trinity
some (like van Creveld in _The Transformation of War_) use a distortion of Clausewitz's trinity as the basis for arguing for an understanding of current warfare as "nontrinitarian"; in this distortion, these theorists take Clausewitz's trinity as naming the three institutions the forces were often associated with (hostility -> populace; chance -> military; direction toward purpose -> government) and then argue that current warfare works outside at least one of these (government) and is thus "nontrinitarian"; further, though, there is no such thing as "trinitarian" warfare since C. wasn't naming a species of a genus but was rather identifying characteristics that are always present (and thus essential) to any warfare
49
from Overture to Rossini's _William Tell Overture_
cliche morning music featured in many films : slow bassoon only a few notes' variation (repeats and then goes up and "flutters" like a bird at the end) like a very gentle rooster's crow
50
Chopin Nocturne No. 2 in E-Flat Minor, Op. 9 No.2
see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p29JUpsOSTE
51
Abu Bakr (Mohammed's friend) was rightful successor
Sunnis' core belief
52
Ali (Mohammed's cousin and son-in-law) was rightful successor
Shias' core belief
53
founding principle of Iranian theocracy
guardianship of the just
54
another name for Wahabism
Salafism
55
literally, the "magnification of God", i.e. the proclamation that God is great ("Allahu akbar!")
the Takbir
56
to say "Allahu akbar!"
to say the Takbir
57
founder and king of Saudi Arabia
Ibn Saud
58
Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd, Abdullah, Salman
kings of Saudi Arabia (all sons of Ibn Saud) since Saud
59
son of Salman and current crown prince of Saudi Arabia
Mohammed bin Salman
60
southern Italian code of silence
omertà
61
nickname
cognomen
62
radio frequency identification
RFID
63
a collection of software utilities that facilitates using a network of computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data and computation
Hadoop
64
drunk and high at the same time (slang)
cross faded
65
of a musical scale in which traditional distance between any frequency relationship is divided into more than 12 notes
microtonal
66
Russian composer of microtonal music who used the quarter tone scale (24 notes) and even a scale divided into 72 notes
Ivan Wyschnegradsky
67
in construction/electronics, a protective cylindrical casing for pipes/wires
sleeve
68
author of _Double Indemnity_ and _The Postman Always Rings Twice_
James Cain
69
the birthing of a baby bottom first (instead of head first)
breech birth
70
Freikörperkultur (nudist movement in Germany with beaches)
FKK
71
military maneuver in which flanks of the advancing opponent are surrounded and pinched by the attacked force
pincer movement
72
"...dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead." --_Henry V_
"Once more unto the breach..."
73
The Troggs ("I feel it in my fingers. I feel it in my toes...")
"Love is All Around"
74
Shakespeare's most famous stage direction, in _The Winter's Tale_
"Exit, pursued by a bear."
75
slightly drunk, buzzed
squiffy/squiffed
76
(British, humorous) Christmas
Chrimble
77
(Brit. slang) penis (in humans or animals)
todge
78
What's going on, what's up, what's the word? (Dub)
What's the crack?
79
That was the bomb/shit. (Dub)
That was great crack.
80
a hottie (Dub)
a ride
81
penis (Irish English)
Mickey
82
I've had a few drinks. (Dub)
Got a few jars in.
83
euphemism for Jesus Christ (Dub)
Janey Mac
84
annoying sb (Dub)
wrecking sb's head
85
going crazy on the dancefloor (Dub)
giving it socks
86
going out on the piss/on the town (Dub)
going on the lash
87
I'm dying for a drink. (Dub)
I'm dyin' for me hole.
88
(Brit. slang) chump, mark (gambling or con), but loosely used to refer to a customer or fan, cf. sarcastic "innocent bystander"
punter
89
Prussian military writer, brother of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow, and author of _The Spirit of The Modern System of War_
Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow
90
alternative English name sometimes given for Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow
Dietrich Heinrich von Bülow
91
Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars, brother of Adam von Bülow
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow
92
1985 book about the trial and acquittal of English socialite Claus von Bülow, who was defended by Alan Dershowitz
_Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case_
93
1990 movie with Jeremy Irons and Glenn Close, based on the Dershowitz book
_Reversal of Fortune_
94
a theory of the historical evolution of strategies and modes of conducting war that divides the history of warfare into 3 to 5 stages (the last two, 4GW and 5GW, being controversial)
generational warfare
95
within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by the centrality of non-state actors, media and culture, and insurgency
fourth generation warfare
96
within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by tactics like lawfare, social media influence operations and cyberattacks
fifth generation warfare
97
three forces at work in any war: hostility, chance, desire to direct the conflict to some end or purpose
Clausewitz's trinity
98
some (like van Creveld in _The Transformation of War_) use a distortion of Clausewitz's trinity as the basis for arguing for an understanding of current warfare as "nontrinitarian"; in this distortion, these theorists take Clausewitz's trinity as naming the three institutions the forces were often associated with (hostility -> populace; chance -> military; direction toward purpose -> government) and then argue that current warfare works outside at least one of these (government) and is thus "nontrinitarian"; further, though, there is no such thing as "trinitarian" warfare since C. wasn't naming a species of a genus but was rather identifying characteristics that are always present (and thus essential) to any warfare
distortion of Clausewitz's trinity
99
cliche morning music featured in many films : slow bassoon only a few notes' variation (repeats and then goes up and "flutters" like a bird at the end) like a very gentle rooster's crow
from Overture to Rossini's _William Tell Overture_
100
see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p29JUpsOSTE
Chopin Nocturne No. 2 in E-Flat Minor, Op. 9 No.2
