Cultural Variations In Attachment

Question 1

Who studied cultural variations on attachment

Answer 1

Ijzendoorn and kroonrnberg

Question 2

What was izjendoorn and kroonenbergs research looking at

Answer 2

Proportions of 3 types of attachments cross culturally

Question 3

What was izjendoorn and kroonenbergs procedure

Answer 3

Located 32 studies where the strange situation had been used conducted in 8 countries (15 in USA)
Data was meta analysed

Question 4

What were ijzendoorn and kroonenbergs findings

Answer 4

Wide variation in proportions to attachment
Secure attachment highest in every culture (70% uk 50% china)

Insecure resistant attachment similiar to ainsworths original in individualist countries but in collectivist countries the rates were above 25%

Question 5

What was the Italian study for attachment

Answer 5

Simonelli used the strange situation
50% secure
36% insecure avoidant

Due to mothers working more and using childcare

Question 6

What was the Korean study for attachment

Answer 6

Jin
Used strange situation to assess 87 babies for proportions of attachment styles in Korea compared to others
Distribution similiar to izjendoorn and kroonenburg collectivist culture

Question 7

What do cultural variation studies suggest

Answer 7

Secure attachment is the norm across cultures
Attachment is innate and universal
However cultural practices have influence on attachment type

Question 8

What is the strength of cultural variation studies

Answer 8

Most studies were conducted by indigenous psychologists
(Indigenous - from the same background as the study)
Therefore couldnt misunderstand as part of the culture anyway

Question 9

What are the limitations to cultural variations

Answer 9

Confounding variables - eg poverty social class etc or even room size

Imposed Etic- trying to impose an idea that works in one culture on another
Eg in Germany lack of reunion is seen as independence not anxiety