Cultural variations in attachment Flashcards
(8 cards)
1
Q
Who researched Cultural Variations?
A
Van Ijzendoon
Kroonenberg
–> {1988}
2
Q
What was the procedure?
A
- Meta-analysis
- Summarised the results of 32 studies undertaken in 8 different countried
- each study had used Ainsworth et al’s. Strange situation procedure to categorise infants into attachment types.
2
Q
What were their conclusions?
A
- Pattern of attachment types appear to be similar across cultures
- Secure attachment is the norm
- Differences in proportions of the insecure attachment types may be explained by differences in childbearing practices.
2
Q
What were the findings?
A
- Differences between cultures were small
- Insecure-avoidant was the most common in every country except Israel and Japan
- Secure attachment was the most common classification in every country
- Insecure-resistance was the least common in every country expect Israel and Japan
- Differences within cultures were 150% greater than the differences between cultures
- ^ e.g. one USA classified only 46% of infants as secure whereas another USA study classified 90% of infants as secure.
3
Q
Other research : who were the other researcher/s ?
A
Simonelli et al {2014}
3
Q
What was Simonelli’s Findings?
A
- 50% of infants = securely attached
- 36% of infants = insecure-avoidant
- This is a lower rate of secure and higher rate of insecure - avoidant than has been found in previous studies in similar cultures.
4
Q
What was Simonelli’s procedure?
A
Used strange situation to study 76 italian infants and their mothers
5
Q
What was Simonelli’s conclusion?
A
- Rate of secure attachment is decreasing
- may be explained by the face that increasing numbers of mothers are working long hours and using childcare
- suggesting that patterns of attachment types are not static but vary in line with cultural change.
