culture and media

Question 1

media and gender roles

Answer 1

• media eg tv magazine , books = shape and reinforce gender roles
• males apear more often in tv shows and children books
• kids who consume more media = develop stronger gender stereotypes
• females shown as passive, men = aggressive and dominant
• slowly , more non binary trans dem man , are showing in media = but very few

e.g uk covid ad , showed woman caring for kids , man relaxed on sofa

Question 2

media research

Answer 2

lewis et al 2021
studied 247 children books
found most books , reflected gender stereotypes
- boys = shown doing gender neutral activities
- girls = linked to specifically female roles

Question 3

culture and gender roles

Answer 3

• culture shapes how ppl see men and woman/ and influence how parents/peers reinforce certain behaviours

-.eg ppl believe that woman are more conformist than men , but conformity varies between culture (berry et al)

• cultures change in time e.g uk woman perform more domestic duties than men, but gender gap is decreasing

Question 4

cultural influences ao1 study

Answer 4

• mead, 1935, did a study on gender roles in tribes in New Guinea
• found that the araphesh, both m/f were gentle/responsive ( stereotypical fem)
• mundugumor , both m/f were aggressive/hostile (stereotypical masc)

Question 5

ao3 limitation , mead , culture.

Answer 5

p- observers bias
e- freeman , criticised meads research , claimed locals told her what she wanted to hear
e- but mead later changed conclusions , saying males and woman were more similar than different
l- suggests cross culture evidence may be flawed , limits reliability

Question 6

ao3 , stregnth , tv, media

Answer 6

p- evidence supports influence on tv on gender sterotypes, from notes study by William
e- longitundail study , looked at children gender stereotypes before and after tv was introduced in remote Canadian valley
e- after tv introduced = children views became more sex stereotyped
l- media exposure = effects gender attitudes

Question 7

ao3 , limitaton , media

Answer 7

p- hard to know if media causes stereotypes
e- most studies are correlation , so dont know if media causes the stereotypes or if it just reflects what people already believe
e- makes it difficult to prove that media effects gender stereotypes

Question 8

ao3 , strength , culture

Answer 8

p- diff cultures have diff gender roles
e- Sweden = dads take paternity leave , care for children , other countries dont do this
e- shows that gender roles shaped by culture not just biology