sex and gender

Question 1

sex

Answer 1

– biological diff between men and woman

• e.g chromosomes (example)
• sex =. innate , and as a result of nature

Question 2

gender

Answer 2

• psychological status, either masc or fem
• includes all attitudes/roles etc that are associated with being male/female
• result of nuture

Question 3

sex role stereotypes

Answer 3

• norms on how m/w should behave
• shared by culture/group,
• children learn these stereotypes, they’re transmitted through society, and reinforced by its members e.g parents

Question 4

ao3 , srs , parental influence

Answer 4

p- parental influence support , smith and lloyd
e- woman = played with babies differently , in line w srs, depending on if they were told the baby was a boy/girl
e- boy = more motor activities and gave more masc toys e.g hammer , rather than more fem toys e.g doll
l- supports influence of adults on children learning srs

Question 5

ao3 , srs . culture

Answer 5

p- srs differ through cultures , suggests characteristics are culturally transmitted
e- mead , conducted research on gender roles in tribes on island of New Guinea
e- found , araphesh , m and f = both gentle/ responsive ( stereotypically fem), mundugumor , m and f = aggressive/hostile ( stereotypically masc), tchambli , woman = dominant , men = passive , considered decorative
l- suggests srs = culturally determined

Question 6

androgyny meaning

Answer 6

having both male and female charactistcs

Question 7

androgyny ao1 bem

Answer 7

• androgyny = both male and female characteristics
• bem = said that those ppl have diff cognitive style ,

said that they dont conform to strict traditional gender roles but adapt themselves based on situation

beneficial as they may act in masc way e.g at the workplace but feminine e.g when with children

Question 8

bem sex role inventory bsri

Answer 8

created by bem to measure androgyny

-surveyed 100 stanford udnergraduates on which traits they found Tobbe socially desirable for each sex

used that to create a self report scale, using 60 items , created on a 7 point likert scale,
- 20 stereotypically masc, 20 stereotypical fem, 20 gender neutral fillers

Question 9

bsri categorised

Answer 9

ppl were categorised as

1. masc ( high masc score, low fem )
2. fem ( high fem , low masc)
3. androgynous ( high score for both)
4. undifferentiated ( low score for both)

Question 10

ao3, andrognny , healthy

Answer 10

p- research support suggesting its psychologically healthy
e- parakash , tested 100 married woman in India , those w higher masc score = lowest for depression , anxiety , stress, those w high fem = less healthy
e- used diff scale to measure androgyny , not bsri l- supports psychoprotective effect of androgyny , woman more masc = more healthy

Question 11

ao3 , androgyny , reliability

Answer 11

p- high reliability
e- test reset reliability, over 4 weeks , ranged from .79-94, strong pos correlation
e-

Question 12

ao3, limitation , androgyny , temp val

Answer 12

p- lack temp val ,
e- adjectives selected in 1970s
e- Hoffman and borders , asked 400 undergraduates , rate bsri items , only 2 terms were seen as masc and fem , them words being masc and fem , all other words failed to reach 75% agreement
l- attitudes change overtime = bsri= not valid anymore