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Endocrinology > Culture Generale > Flashcards

Culture Generale Flashcards

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1
Q

What is used to reverse narcotics

A

Naloxone

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2
Q

What is used to reverse benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil

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3
Q

What is the traetment of malignant hyperthermia

A

IV dantrolene, cooling body, discontinuation of anesthesia

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4
Q

What are the side effect of spinal anesthesia

A

Urinary retention

Hypotension (neurogenic shock)

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5
Q

Triad of Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Confusion
Ophtalmoplegia
Ataxia

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6
Q

What treatment provides protection from Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Rally pack: thiamine, folate, magnesium

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7
Q

What treatment provides protection from oral/esophagal fungal infection during IV antibiotic treatment

A

PO Nystatin

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8
Q

What measures provide protection from postoperative atelectasis/pneumonia

A

Incentive spirometry, coughing, smoking cessation, ambulation

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9
Q

What are the classic W’s of postoperative fever

A 
Wind: atelectasis
Water: UTI
Wound: wound infection
Walking: DVT/ trombophlebitis
Wonder drug: drug fever
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10
Q

What isFitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

A

Right upper quadrant pain from gonococcal perihepatitis in women

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11
Q

What are the signs of tetanus

A

Lockjaw, muscle spasm, laryngospasm, convulsions, respiratory failure

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12
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis can be caused by any antibiotic, but especially

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins and clindamycin

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13
Q

What is the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis

A

PO Metronidazole or PO vancomycin, discontinuation of causative agent. Never give antiperistaltics

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14
Q

What is the acronym for treatment options for anaphylactic shock

A

BASE

Benadryl - Aminophylline - Steroids - Epinephrine

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15
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of neurogenic

A

Hypotension and bradycardia

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16
Q

What is the treatment of neurogenic shock

A

IV Fluids (vasopressors reserved for hypotension refractory to fluid ressucitation)

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17
Q

What type of patient does not mount a normal tachycardiac response to hypovolemic shock

A

Patient on B-Blockers, spinal shock, endurance athlete

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18
Q

What is the tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Elevated a- fetoprotein

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19
Q

What is the most common site of metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Lungs

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20
Q

What is the name of the periumbilical bruit heard with caput medusae

A

Cruveilhier-Baumgarten bruit

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21
Q

What is the most common site of AAA

A

Infrarenal (95%)

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22
Q

Classic triad of rupture AAA

A

1- Abdominal pain
2- Pulsatile abdominal mass
3- Hypotension

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23
Q

What is the mean normal abdominal aortic diameter

A

2

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24
Q

What are the signs of colonic ischemia

A

Heme positive stool
Or bright red blood per rectum (BRBPR)
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain

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25
What is anterior spinal syndrome
``` Classically - Paraplegia - Loss of bladder/bowel control - Loss of pain / temperature sensation below level of involvement - Sparing of proprioception ```
26
Which artery is involved in anterior spinal cord syndrome?
Artery of Adamkiewicz - supply the anterior spinal cord
27
What are the most common bacteria involved in aortic graft infection
``` Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis (late) ```
28
How is a graft infection with an aortoenteric fistula is treated?
Perform an extra anatomic bypass with resection of the graft
29
Which renal vein is longer
Left
30
Which vein crosses the neck of the AAA proximally
Renal vein (left)
31
What part of the small bowel crosses in front of the AAA
Duodenum
32
What is the risk factor for splenic artery aneurysm rupture
Pregnancy
33
Most common esophagal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is
Type C : proximal esophageal atresia with | distal TE fistula
34
How to remember the position of the Bochdalek hernia
Boch Da Lek = back to the left
35
What is the common inguinal hernia in children
Indirect
36
What is the Hesselbach's triangle
Triangle form by : Epigastric vessels Inguinal ligament Lateral border of the rectus sheath
37
What side is affected more by inguinal hernia
Right
38
From what abdominal muscle layer is the inguinal ligament derived
External oblique
39
How is the diagnosis of duodenal atresia made?
Plain abdominal film revealing a "double bubble", ith one air bubble in the stomach and the other in the duodenum
40
Hirschprung's disease is also know as
Aganglionic megacolon
41
What is the classic history of aganglionic megacolon?
Failure to pass meconium in the first 24hrs of life
42
What organ is often found protuding from an omphalocele, but is almost never found with a gastroschisis
The liver
43
What is the common bacterial cause of mesenteric lymphadenitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
44
What is the most common site of intussusception?
Terminal ileum involving ileocaecal valve amd extending into ascending colon
45
What is the most common cause of intussusception?
Hypertrophic Peyer's patches, which act as a lead point; many patient have prior viral illness
46
What is the traetment of intussusception
Air or barium enema
47
What condition can mask abdominal pain
Steroids, diabetes, paraplegia
48
What is the unique differential diagnosis for the patient with AIDS and abdominal pain
``` In addition to allcommon abdominal conditions: CMV (most common) Kaposi's sarcoma Lymphoma TB MAI (Mycobacterium avium intracellulare) ```
49
Classically, what endocrine problem can cause abdominal pain
Addisonian crisis | DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)
50
Sliding hernia
Hernia sac partially formed by the wall of a viscus ( bladder/cecum )
51
Littre's hernia
Hernia involving a Meckel diverticulum
52
Hesselbach's hernia
Hernia under inguinal ligament lateral to femoral vessels
53
Amyand's hernia
Hernia sac containing a ruptured appendix
54
What is the differential diagnosis for a mass in a healed C - section incision
Hernia | Endometrioma
55
What is the first identifiable subcutaneous named layer
Scarpa's fascia
56
Which nerve travel in spermatic cord
Ilioinguinal nerve
57
What type of hernia goes trough Hesselbach's triangle?
Direct hernia due to a weak abdominal floor
58
What factors are associated with femoral hernia
Pregnancy, women, exertion
59
What is "Flail Chest" ?
Two separate fractures in three or more consecutive ribs
60
What is the major cause of respiratory compromise with flail chest
Underlying pulmonary contusion
61
Beck's triad
Hypotension Muffled heart sound JVD
62
Kussmaul's sign
JVD with inspiration
63
How is gastric decompression achieved with a maxillofacial fracture
Place an Oral Gastric tube, not a NG tube
64
What are the goals during assess,ent of the airway
Securing the airway and protecting the spinal cord
65
What are the life-threatening conditions that must be diagnosed and treat during the breathing step
Tension pneumothorax Open pneumothorax Massive hemothorax
66
What are typical sign of basilar skull fractures
Raccoon eyes, Battle's sign, clear otorrhea or rhinorrhea, hemotympanum
67
What is the best way to diagnose or rule out artery injury
CT angiogram
68
What is the brief ATLS history
``` AMPLE history: Allergies Medication PMH Last meal (when) Events (of injury) ```
69
What labs test are used to look for intra abdominal injury in children?
Liver function tests :|^ AST or/and |^ ALT
70
How is myoglobinuria treated in electrical burns
To avoid renal injury, think HAM: - Hydration with IV fluids - Alkalinization of urine with IV bicarbonate - Mannitol diuresis

Endocrinology (4 decks)

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