CULTURE, ITS IMPACTS AND ADAPTATIONS Flashcards
(38 cards)
“It is the learned and shared behavior of a community of interacting human beings” (Useem & Useem, 1963).
CULTURE
“shared patterns of behaviors and interaction, cognitive constructs andaffective understanding that are learned through a process of socialization” (Center
for Advanced Research in LanguageAcquisition, n.d.).
CULTURE
t the behaviors of a relatively large group of people (Lustig & Koestner, 2003)
CULTURE
This characteristic of culture indicate that we acquired complete knowledge and understanding of our cultural norms from our parents, teachers, relatives and friends.
LEARNED. NOT INNATE.
This characteristic of culture indicate that culture is affected by many factors such as language, religion, basic world view, education, technology, organization, politics and law all interacting with one another.
MULTIFACETED
This adaptation to new culture encourages and values diversity in cultural practices. Through this, cultures are accorded special acknowledgement of their differences within a dominant political culture.
MULTICULTURALISM
This adaptation to new culture happens when people prefer and choose to interact only with members of their own culture.
SEPARATION
This characteristic of culture indicate that certain practices must be adapted by a number of people belonging to a particular community before they can be considered a part of the culture of that place.
SHARED
This adaptation to new culture happens when the parent culture is maintained in private while the dominant culture is accommodated in public.
ACCOMMODATION
This characteristic of culture indicate that cultures constantly change as cultural contact increases, new technology emerge, and economic conditions vary.
DYNAMIC
This adaptation to new culture happens when immigrants voluntarily adapt to the new country’s language and cultural practices. People who adapt this method often lose the aspects of their traditional culture in the process.
ASSIMILATION
This characteristic of culture indicate that we belong to multiple cultures as we interact with one another.
OVERLAPPING
This adaptation to new culture is a positive kind of cultural adaptation as it is the healthy intermingling of two unique cultures.
INTEGRATION
– power of influence
Leadership
Masculine culture
Feminine culture
Work Productivity
individual and group orientation
Group Allegiance
use personal characteristics and achievements to define themselves and value individual welfare.
Individualistic culture (I)
define themselves as members of groups, which can be clans or communities. In these cultures, people consider common goals and the group’s welfaremost important (Adler, 1997.)
Collectivist culture (We)
. High-context culture AND Low-context culture
Task Commitment
the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmitted part of the message- people are deeply involved with each other. - information is widely shared through simple
messages with deep meaning (Hall, 1976 in Bai, 2016) - communication style is more implicit and indirect
. High-context culture
information is vested in the explicit code
-highly individualized, and there is relatively little
involvement with others
-communication between people is more explicit,
Low-context culture-
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Ethnocentrism, Streotypes, Prejudice. Assumed Similarities, Anxiety
usually defined as a kind of ethnic or cultural group
egocentrism, which involves a belief in the superiority of one’s owngroup, including its values and practices, and often contempt, hatred, and hostility towards those outside the group (Bizumic, 2015).
Ethnocentrism
“pictures in our heads.”(Lippman,1992 in Zhang, 2009) - giving of certain attributes, labels, or stigmas to groups or classes(Nisa, Kholil and Zulkarnain, 2017)
Stereotypes
