cumulative Flashcards
(21 cards)
what are the two main forms of microbial control
physical or chemical
what are the main physical methods of control
temperature, pH, pressure, filtration
what are the main chemical methods of control
phenols, halogens, alcohol, heavy metals
what are the 5 modes of antibiotics
inhibition of- cell wall, protein synthesis, membrane function, nucleic acid synthesis, metabolic pathways
what is a method of resistance that confer resistance to several types of drugs
efflux pump
what way is cell wall synthesis inhibited
b lactam ring prevents synthesis of peptidoglycan
what way is protein synthesis inhibited
no peptide bonds, no tRNA attachment, mRNA code read incorrectly
what way is membrane function inhibited
changed membrane permeability
what way is nucleic acid synthesis inhibited
block DNA replication and transcription
what way is the metabolic pathway inhibited
antimetabolites
what is the cell wall of a gram positive bacteria
thick peptidoglycan layer, inner membrane
what is the cell wall of a gram negative bacteria
outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan, inner membrane
name and describe the growth phases
lag- preparing to divide and gathering nutrients
log- exponential growth
stationary- equal death and growth, waste accumulates
death- mostly all cells die
how do bacteria replicate
binary fission
what are the steps of the lytic cycle
attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release
what are the steps of the lysogenic cycle
attachment, integration into genome, cell division, possible induction of genome, may then enter lytic cycle
lytic=
virulent
lysogenic=
temperate
what do viruses need in order to replicate
a host
are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes
prokaryotes
list the 6 main characteristics of bacteria
cell wall, circular genome, have ribosomes, have plasmids, have flagella for locomotion, have cilia for attachment
