Cumulative Review of all chapters Flashcards
(26 cards)
You are a scientist studying a newly found
gene. You are working to discover the
structure of the gene, what product it
expresses, and the function of that product.
Your major genetics subdiscipline of focus is
a)Classical genetics
b)Molecular genetics
c)Population genetics
d)Transmission genetics
b)Molecular genetics
An organism that inherits two of the same
alleles for a single trait, one from its mother
and one from its father is known as a(n):
a)Blended individual
b)Heterozygote
c)Allelic variation
d)Homozygote
d)Homozygote
The final products of meiosis in a diploid
organism are:
a)Two diploid cells
b)Two haploid cells
c)Four diploid cells
d)Four haploid cells
d)Four haploid cells
The principle of independent assortment
requires that:
a)genes are located on different chromosomes
b)nonrandom mating is occurring
c)genes are located on the same chromosome
d)that each parent will produce diploid
gametes
a)genes are located on different chromosomes
When two or more genes influence a trait, an
allele of one of them may have an overriding
effect on the phenotype. This genetic phenomenon is termed:
a)Pleiotropy
b)Epistasis
c)Incomplete penetrance
d)Variable expressivity
e)Multiple alleles
b)Epistasis
When a segment from one chromosome is
detached and reattached to a
nonhomologous chromosome this is known
as:
A)Inversion
B)Translocation
C)Polyploidy
D)Trisomy
E)Monosomy
B)Translocation
What is aneuploidy?
a)Mitosis without cell separation
b)A hybrid species produced by sexual
reproduction
c)A numerical change in the number of
chromosomes
d)When two haploid gametes from two different
species fuse
c)A numerical change in the number of
chromosomes
In humans, 20% of bases in DNA are
cytosine (C).What percentage of the bases
are expected to be thymine (T)?
a)20%
b)25%
c)30%
d)40%
e)80%
c)30%
Bacteria may obtain genetic
information from another
bacterial cell. Which method
is depicted in the diagram?
a)Transformation
b)Transduction
c)Translation
d)Conjugation
e)None of the above
b)Transduction
Linked genes can be mapped by:
A)Determining how often their alleles
recombine
B)Determining how many individuals show the
wildtype phenotype
C)Determining the physical structure of the
chromosome
D)Performing a karyotype
E)None of these
A)Determining how often their alleles
recombine
______________________is densely packed DNA that is
inaccessible to transcription factors, so it is generally
rendered transcriptionally silent. Examples of this type of
chromatin includes centromeres, telomeres, and Barr
bodies.
A.Euchromatin
B.Heterochromatin
C.Epigenetic
D.Topoisomerase
E.Supercoiling
B.Heterochromatin
Transcription starts at a specific region of DNA
called a(n)
A)Shine Dalgarno site
B)origin
C)promoter
D)translational start site
E)Rho site
C)promoter
Which of the following RNA molecules is
required for the process of translation?
A. crRNA
B. rRNA
C. siRNA
D. miRNA
B. rRNA
Constitutive expression refers to:
a)expression stimulated in response to glucose.
b)expression turns off in response to an
environmental cue.
c)expression turns on in response to an
environmental cue.
d)expression always on.
e)expression always off
d)expression always on.
In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the
_______ and translation occurs in the _______.
A. Cytoplasm; nucleus
B. Nucleus; cytoplasm
C. Cytoplasm; cytoplasm
D. Nucleus; nucleus
C. Cytoplasm; cytoplasm
Once an appropriate cloning vector is selected and
foreign DNA isolated, the two can be put
together after cutting. What enzyme seals the
backbone of the 2 molecules of DNA together
after cutting?
A)A restriction endonuclease
B)DNA ligase
C)Transformation
D)Selectase
E)crRNA
F)DNA polymerase
B)DNA ligase
A mutation in gene X overrides the effect of a
previous mutation in gene Y and restores the wild-
type phenotype. The mutation in gene X is called
a(n) _____ mutation.
a. reverse
b. intragenic suppressor
c. intergenic suppressor
d. neutral
e. forward
c. intergenic suppressor
Which method of DNA repair utilizes XP proteins
in humans and Uvr proteins in bacteria to repair
thymine dimers?
a)Nucleotide-excision repair
b)Base-excision repair
c)Direct repair
d)Mismatch repair
e)SOS system
a)Nucleotide-excision repair
___________ are defined as mutations that
occur without a mutagen via natural causes,
like replication errors, wobble, or depurination.
A.Induced mutations
B.Random mutations
C.Loss of function
D.Somatic mutations
E.Spontaneous mutations
E.Spontaneous mutations
Which two primer pair sequences would work to PCR amplify the double-stranded DNA target sequence shown below (the whole thing)?
5’…GGCTGAGTGCTGGATGAGTGGGCTGAGCTTGCTA…3’
3’…CCGACTCACGACCTACTCACCCGACTCGAACGAT…5’
A. 5’ TACTCACC 3’ and 5’ GGTGAGTA 3’
B. 5’ GGCTGAGT 3’ and 5’ TAGCAAGC 3’
C. 5’ TGAGTCGG 3’ and 5’ CGAACGAT 3’
D. 5’ CCGACTCA 3’ and 5’ ATCGTTCG 3’
B. 5’ GGCTGAGT 3’ and 5’ TAGCAAGC 3’
Eukaryotic RNA sequences must be modified in three
ways before they are mature mRNA. Which of the
following is NOT one of those modifications?
A.Addition of 5’ methyl guanosine cap
B.Addition of 5’ poly A tail
C.Addition of 3’ poly A tail
D.Removing introns
E.Splicing together exons
B.Addition of 5’ poly A tail
“A” in the figure to the right represents a factor
that unwinds supercoils that form ahead of the
replication fork during DNA replication. This
factor is called a:
A.DNA ligase
B.Helicase
C.DNA polymerase III
D.DNA gyrase
E.SSB protein
F.Restriction endonuclease
D.DNA gyrase
When crossing two organisms that are heterozygous
for two genes the expected phenotypic ratios of their
offspring would be
A)1:2:1
B)3:1
C)1:1:1:1
D)9:3:3:1
D)9:3:3:1
In the following pedigree, the indicated trait is
caused by which type of allele?
A)Autosomal recessive
B)Autosomal dominant
C)Sex-linked
D)Cannot determine
A)Autosomal recessive
