Cumulative Review of all chapters

Question 1

You are a scientist studying a newly found
gene. You are working to discover the
structure of the gene, what product it
expresses, and the function of that product.
Your major genetics subdiscipline of focus is
a)Classical genetics
b)Molecular genetics
c)Population genetics
d)Transmission genetics

Answer 1

b)Molecular genetics

Question 2

An organism that inherits two of the same
alleles for a single trait, one from its mother
and one from its father is known as a(n):
a)Blended individual
b)Heterozygote
c)Allelic variation
d)Homozygote

Answer 2

d)Homozygote

Question 3

The final products of meiosis in a diploid
organism are:
a)Two diploid cells
b)Two haploid cells
c)Four diploid cells
d)Four haploid cells

Answer 3

d)Four haploid cells

Question 4

The principle of independent assortment
requires that:
a)genes are located on different chromosomes
b)nonrandom mating is occurring
c)genes are located on the same chromosome
d)that each parent will produce diploid
gametes

Answer 4

a)genes are located on different chromosomes

Question 5

When two or more genes influence a trait, an
allele of one of them may have an overriding
effect on the phenotype. This genetic phenomenon is termed:
a)Pleiotropy
b)Epistasis
c)Incomplete penetrance
d)Variable expressivity
e)Multiple alleles

Answer 5

b)Epistasis

Question 6

When a segment from one chromosome is
detached and reattached to a
nonhomologous chromosome this is known
as:
A)Inversion
B)Translocation
C)Polyploidy
D)Trisomy
E)Monosomy

Answer 6

B)Translocation

Question 7

What is aneuploidy?
a)Mitosis without cell separation
b)A hybrid species produced by sexual
reproduction
c)A numerical change in the number of
chromosomes
d)When two haploid gametes from two different
species fuse

Answer 7

c)A numerical change in the number of
chromosomes

Question 8

In humans, 20% of bases in DNA are
cytosine (C).What percentage of the bases
are expected to be thymine (T)?
a)20%
b)25%
c)30%
d)40%
e)80%

Answer 8

c)30%

Question 9

Bacteria may obtain genetic
information from another
bacterial cell. Which method
is depicted in the diagram?
a)Transformation
b)Transduction
c)Translation
d)Conjugation
e)None of the above

Answer 9

b)Transduction

Question 10

Linked genes can be mapped by:
A)Determining how often their alleles
recombine
B)Determining how many individuals show the
wildtype phenotype
C)Determining the physical structure of the
chromosome
D)Performing a karyotype
E)None of these

Answer 10

A)Determining how often their alleles
recombine

Question 11

______________________is densely packed DNA that is
inaccessible to transcription factors, so it is generally
rendered transcriptionally silent. Examples of this type of
chromatin includes centromeres, telomeres, and Barr
bodies.
A.Euchromatin
B.Heterochromatin
C.Epigenetic
D.Topoisomerase
E.Supercoiling

Answer 11

B.Heterochromatin

Question 12

Transcription starts at a specific region of DNA
called a(n)
A)Shine Dalgarno site
B)origin
C)promoter
D)translational start site
E)Rho site

Answer 12

C)promoter

Question 13

Which of the following RNA molecules is
required for the process of translation?
A. crRNA
B. rRNA
C. siRNA
D. miRNA

Answer 13

B. rRNA

Question 14

Constitutive expression refers to:
a)expression stimulated in response to glucose.
b)expression turns off in response to an
environmental cue.
c)expression turns on in response to an
environmental cue.
d)expression always on.
e)expression always off

Answer 14

d)expression always on.

Question 15

In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the
_______ and translation occurs in the _______.
A. Cytoplasm; nucleus
B. Nucleus; cytoplasm
C. Cytoplasm; cytoplasm
D. Nucleus; nucleus

Answer 15

C. Cytoplasm; cytoplasm

Question 16

Once an appropriate cloning vector is selected and
foreign DNA isolated, the two can be put
together after cutting. What enzyme seals the
backbone of the 2 molecules of DNA together
after cutting?
A)A restriction endonuclease
B)DNA ligase
C)Transformation
D)Selectase
E)crRNA
F)DNA polymerase

Answer 16

B)DNA ligase

Question 17

A mutation in gene X overrides the effect of a
previous mutation in gene Y and restores the wild-
type phenotype. The mutation in gene X is called
a(n) _____ mutation.
a. reverse
b. intragenic suppressor
c. intergenic suppressor
d. neutral
e. forward

Answer 17

c. intergenic suppressor

Question 18

Which method of DNA repair utilizes XP proteins
in humans and Uvr proteins in bacteria to repair
thymine dimers?
a)Nucleotide-excision repair
b)Base-excision repair
c)Direct repair
d)Mismatch repair
e)SOS system

Answer 18

a)Nucleotide-excision repair

Question 19

___________ are defined as mutations that
occur without a mutagen via natural causes,
like replication errors, wobble, or depurination.
A.Induced mutations
B.Random mutations
C.Loss of function
D.Somatic mutations
E.Spontaneous mutations

Answer 19

E.Spontaneous mutations

Question 20

Which two primer pair sequences would work to PCR amplify the double-stranded DNA target sequence shown below (the whole thing)?
5’…GGCTGAGTGCTGGATGAGTGGGCTGAGCTTGCTA…3’
3’…CCGACTCACGACCTACTCACCCGACTCGAACGAT…5’

A. 5’ TACTCACC 3’ and 5’ GGTGAGTA 3’
B. 5’ GGCTGAGT 3’ and 5’ TAGCAAGC 3’
C. 5’ TGAGTCGG 3’ and 5’ CGAACGAT 3’
D. 5’ CCGACTCA 3’ and 5’ ATCGTTCG 3’

Answer 20

B. 5’ GGCTGAGT 3’ and 5’ TAGCAAGC 3’

Question 21

Eukaryotic RNA sequences must be modified in three
ways before they are mature mRNA. Which of the
following is NOT one of those modifications?
A.Addition of 5’ methyl guanosine cap
B.Addition of 5’ poly A tail
C.Addition of 3’ poly A tail
D.Removing introns
E.Splicing together exons

Answer 21

B.Addition of 5’ poly A tail

Question 22

“A” in the figure to the right represents a factor
that unwinds supercoils that form ahead of the
replication fork during DNA replication. This
factor is called a:
A.DNA ligase
B.Helicase
C.DNA polymerase III
D.DNA gyrase
E.SSB protein
F.Restriction endonuclease

Answer 22

D.DNA gyrase

Question 23

When crossing two organisms that are heterozygous
for two genes the expected phenotypic ratios of their
offspring would be
A)1:2:1
B)3:1
C)1:1:1:1
D)9:3:3:1

Answer 23

D)9:3:3:1

Question 24

In the following pedigree, the indicated trait is
caused by which type of allele?
A)Autosomal recessive
B)Autosomal dominant
C)Sex-linked
D)Cannot determine

Answer 24

A)Autosomal recessive

Question 25

In cattle, roan coloring (colored hair and white hair on
same animal) is produced when a red animal is crossed
with a white animal. This type of inheritance can best be
described as
A.Complete dominance
B.Codominance
C.Incomplete dominance
D.Sex-linked traits

Answer 25

B.Codominance

Question 25

A nonsense mutation results anytime a mutation:
A.shifts the reading frame of the DNA
B.changes the sequence of DNA so a codon for an amino acid is changed to a codon for a different amino acid
C.produces a stop codon
D.deletes a nucleotide from a DNA sequence

Answer 25

C.produces a stop codon