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Orthopaedics > Cumulative Trauma Disorders > Flashcards

Cumulative Trauma Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres minor
  4. Subscapularis
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2
Q

What is Impingement/Painful Arc syndrome?

A

Impingement of supraspinatus tendon > subacromial bursa in narrow subacromial space upon abduction

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3
Q

Evaluation of Impingement syndrome

A
  1. Painful arc test
  2. Hawkin’s impingement test
  3. Neer’s impingement test
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4
Q

In Painful arc test, max pain is b/w

A

60-120 deg (Mid abduction pain)

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5
Q

M/C tendon tear in Rotator cuff tear

A

Supraspinatus > Tendo Achilles

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6
Q

Causes of Rotator cuff tear

A

Degeneration (Elderly) > Trauma (Young)

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7
Q

Tests for Supraspinatus tear

A
  1. Beer can test
  2. Empty can test (Against resistance)
  3. Jobe’s test (Against resistance)
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8
Q

Tests for Subscapularis tear

A
  1. Lift off test
  2. Belly press test
  3. Bear hug test
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9
Q

Treatment for Rotator cuff tear

A
  1. Avoid painful and overhead activities
  2. Physiotherapy
  3. NSAIDs
  4. Steroid injections
  5. Arthroscopic tendon repair
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10
Q

What is Rupture of Long head of Biceps tendon?

A

Proximal rupture of long head of biceps tendon -> Distal migration of muscle belly
POPEYE SIGN

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11
Q

Types of injuries of elbow joint

A
  1. Tennis elbow (M/C)
  2. Golfer’s elbow
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12
Q

What is Tennis elbow?

A

Lateral epicondylitis (Inflammation of common extensor origin)

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13
Q

What is Golfer’s elbow?

A

Medial epicondyle (Inflammation of common flexor origin)

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14
Q

Earliest affected muscle in Tennis elbow

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis > longus

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15
Q

Earliest affected muscle in Golfer’s elbow

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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16
Q

Investigation of Tennis elbow

A

Cozen’s test:
Extend wrist against resistance -> Pain at lat condyle

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17
Q

Investigation of Golfer’s elbow

A

Reverse Cozen’s test:
Flex wrist against resistance -> Pain at med condyle

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18
Q

Treatment of Elbow injuries

A
  1. Activity modification
  2. Counterforce brace: Prevents movement from reaching origin of muscle
  3. NSAIDs
  4. Physiotherapy
  5. Steroids
  6. Debridement
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19
Q

What is De Quervain’s disease?

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A

Stenosing tenosynovitis and inflammation of:
1. Abductor pollicis longus
2. Extensor pollicis brevis
They are in 1st dorsal compartment of wrist (Lat, towards thumb)

20
Q

Causes of De Quervain’s disease

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A
  1. Overuse
  2. Rheumatoid arthritis
21
Q

Investigations of De Quervain’s disease

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A
  1. Finkelstein’s test
  2. Eichhoff’s test
22
Q

What is Dupuytren’s contracture?

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A

Repetitive trauma -> Abnormal cord like fibrosis of palmar fascia -> Contracture of finger

23
Q

Etiology of Dupuytren’s contracture

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A
  1. Idiopathic (M/C)
  2. Diabetes mellitus
  3. Alcoholism (Liver failure)
  4. Trauma
24
Q

Ectopic types of Dupuytren’s contracture

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Peyronie’s disease (Penis)
  2. Ledderhose disease (Sole of feet)
25
M/C finger and joint involved in Dupuytren’s contracture
Finger: Ring finger Joint: Metacarpophalangeal joint
26
What is Trigger finger?
Trauma -> Stenosis of A1 pulley (At MCP joint) -> Obstruction of flexor tendon passing through it -> Difficulty in opening of finger -> Finger suddenly opens on forceful extension
27
Etiology of Trigger finger
1. Trauma (M/C) 2. Rheumatoid arthritis 3. Diabetes mellitus
28
M/C finger and tendon involved in Trigger finger
Finger: Ring finger Tendon: Flexor digitorum profundus (Present in distal phalanges)
29
What is Gamekeeper’s thumb/Skier’s thumb?
Hyperabduction of thumb -> Tear/avulsion of ulnar collateral ligament of thumb at 1st MCP joint
30
What is Bowler’s thumb?
Neuroma of ulnar digital nerve of thumb (D/t perineural fibrosis)
31
What is Bursitis?
Inflammation of bursae d/t overuse -> Swelling, redness, pain
32
Types of Bursitis
1. Housemaid’s knee 2. Clergyman’s knee 3. Student’s elbow 4. Hagland’s/Pump bump deformity
33
Housemaid’s knee is caused by
Prepatellar bursitis D/t bending knee to clean floor
34
Clergyman’s knee is caused by
Infrapatellar bursitis D/t bending knee while praying to God
35
Student’s elbow is caused by
Olecranon bursitis D/t keeping elbow on table while writing notes
36
Hagland’s/Pump bump deformity is caused by
Retrocalcaneal bursitis Calcification of bursa forms a bony bump behind ankle
37
What is Thoracic outlet syndrome?
Entrapment of neurovascular structures as they pass through thoracic outlet
38
Boundaries of Thoracic outlet
1. Ant scalene muscle 2. Post scalene muscle 3. Clavicle 4. 1st rib
39
Contents of Thoracic outlet
1. Brachial plexus (M/C) 2. Subclavian vessels (Artery > Vein)
40
Causes of compression in Thoracic outlet syndrome
1. Abnormal positioning of neck/upper limb 2. Lung tumor (Upper lobe)
41
C/F of Thoracic outlet syndrome
1. Nerve compressed: Paraesthesia, tingling, numbness 2. Artery compressed: Claudication -> Pain
42
Diagnosis of Thoracic outlet syndrome
Clinical evaluation: +ve test if pain/neurological symptoms/dec in pulse + Tests: 1. Adson’s test 2. Reverse Adson’s/Halstead’s test 3. Roo’s test 4. Wright’s Hyperabduction test
43
What is Adson’s test?
Head turned towards affected side, neck extended Abduct + externally rotate shoulder Extend elbow (Reverse Adson’s test: Head turned towards affected normal side, rest same)
44
What is Roo’s test?
Abduct shoulder + flex elbow Open and close hands for 3 mins Result: Reproduces symptoms of vascular claudication
45
What is Wright’s Hyperabduction test?
Extension of neck Hyperabduction of shoulders
46
Treatment of Thoracic outlet syndrome
1. Conservative: > Rest > Splint > Physiotherapy 2. Surgical: Excision of 1st rib/cervical rib/lung tumor

Orthopaedics (12 decks)

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