current affairs -gs1 and 2

Question 1

Main Topic

Answer 1

Examples

Question 3

Regionalism

Answer 3

• Demand for Khalistan in Punjab (Negative example) <br></br> - Dravida Nadu- Dravidian Movement in Tamil Nadu (Positive example) <br></br> - Formation of Jharkhand (Positive example) <br></br> - Formation of Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal, Jharkhand <br></br> - Son of soil movements <br></br> - Under development as a cause (Vidharbha, Saurashtra, Bundelkhand) <br></br> - Over development as a cause (Harit Pradesh, Tulunadu) <br></br> - Inter-state regionalism (Cauvery river water dispute) <br></br> - Boundary disputes (Belgaum, Kasargod, Rengma reserved forests, Chandigarh) <br></br> - Sub-regionalism (Saurashtra in Gujarat) <br></br> - Supra-state regionalism (North vs. South India) <br></br> - Regionalism turning into Sub-nationalism (Bangladesh, Sri Lanka LTTE) <br></br> - Local job reservation (Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana) <br></br> - Delhi hospital revokes ban on Malayalam <br></br> - Extreme regionalism (NSCN, Islamic fundamentalist groups, ULFA)

Question 4

Secularism

Answer 4

• Haj Subsidy, Kailash Mansarovar subsidies <br></br> - Hindus and Muslims respecting each other’s festivals <br></br> - Triple Talaq (Shayara Bano case, 2017) <br></br> - Restrictions on women temple entry (Shani Shignapur, Haji Ali Dargah)

Question 5

Globalization

Answer 5

• Indian cuisine popularity (Butter Chicken) <br></br> - KFC not selling beef in India <br></br> - McDonald’s going vegetarian during Navaratri <br></br> - Spread of communicable diseases (AIDS, COVID-19) <br></br> - SEWA (Union of women laborers) <br></br> - Glocalized Saree draping <br></br> - Loss of IPRs (Neem, Ayurveda) <br></br> - MNCs (Google, Facebook, Microsoft) <br></br> - Automotive industry (MG, Hyundai, Renault, etc.) <br></br> - Banking industry (HSBC)

Question 6

Communalism

Answer 6

• Kerala’s lack of segregated residences <br></br> - Muzaffarnagar riots, 2014 <br></br> - Anti-Sikh riots, 1984 <br></br> - Assam communal violence, 2012 <br></br> - Biwandi ‘Mohalla Comittees’ <br></br> - Community Policing (Friends of Police, Janamaithri Suraksha Project, Meira Paibi) <br></br> - UPSC Jihad program <br></br> - Tablighi Jamaat Issue during lockdown <br></br> - Pehlu Khan Lynching <br></br> - Lynching of Bangladeshi Nationals in Assam

Question 7

Women (Positive)

Answer 7

• Zomato period leave <br></br> - Japan’s menstrual leave <br></br> - SHE-Box (Online complaint management) <br></br> - Haridaspur celebration for girls <br></br> - Mahila E-Haat <br></br> - Spandana initiative (Andhra Pradesh) <br></br> - All-women commercial flight <br></br> - Nirbhaya Squad of Jaipur police <br></br> - Women Entrepreneurs (Indra Nooyi, Shikha Sharma, Chanda Kochhar) <br></br> - International Women’s trade centre (Kozhikode) <br></br> - Chuppi Todo Abhiyaan <br></br> - Ghar Doghaanche Abhiyan <br></br> - Maharashtra all-women battalion <br></br> - All women crew for Air India <br></br> - Nirbhaya Vahini <br></br> - Women’s India Premier league 2023 <br></br> - Bharosa cells <br></br> - Pad Squad initiative <br></br> - SC ruling on daughters’ right to inheritance <br></br> - Women Army Officers permanent commission <br></br> - Janani Auto rickshaws <br></br> - Kerala’s synthetic pad free village

Question 8

Women (Negative)

Answer 8

• Honour Killing in Dausa <br></br> - Kathua, Unnao, Hathras, Hyderabad rape cases <br></br> - Muzaffarpur shelter home rape case <br></br> - Dowry calculators online

Question 9

Health

Answer 9

• Arogyakeralam (Kerala) <br></br> - Affordable medical check-ups in Kadapa <br></br> - Comprehensive annual health check-up for Sikkim <br></br> - Janta clinic in Jaipur <br></br> - Regulatory reforms in Australia (AMR) <br></br> - Health A.T.M at railway stations <br></br> - Telehealth model in Ganjam District <br></br> - Mo Masari (Odisha) <br></br> - Smart Anganwadi (Gujarat) <br></br> - Jan Aushadikendras <br></br> - Village adoption by hospitals <br></br> - Rural Health Care Foundation (RHCF) <br></br> - Heal in India initiative <br></br> - Tele-medicine in Erode <br></br> - Can Kids, Kids Can NGO <br></br> - Dilip Mahalanabis and ORS <br></br> - Ratan Chandra Kar and Jarawas <br></br> - Vennila Vadivelu’s award <br></br> - e-Sanjeevani portal <br></br> - PM Janaushadhi Pariyojna in Assam <br></br> - Sadarjung hospital’s integrated medicine centre <br></br> - Delhi’s desh ke mentor programme <br></br> - Jagananna Gorumudda scheme <br></br> - Yeshashwini micro health insurance <br></br> - Nutrition initiatives (e.g., Gujarat, Maharashtra, Odisha)

Question 10

Nutrition

Answer 10

• Open kitchen concept in Gujarat <br></br> - Healthier canteen menus in Maharashtra <br></br> - Decentralized ICDS in Odisha <br></br> - Mamata Programme in Odisha <br></br> - Matri Amrit Ahar in Assam

Question 11

Poverty

Answer 11

• Rajasthan ‘Apna Gaon Apna Kaam’ <br></br> - Jaga Mission in Odisha <br></br> - Philippines social protection project <br></br> - China’s Yunnan Integrated road network project

Question 12

Inclusive Growth

Answer 12

• Bolsa Familia (Brazil) <br></br> - Opportunidades (Mexico) <br></br> - Samruddhi Kosh (Sri Lanka) <br></br> - Painting on Mann Ki Baat by Ajmer woman <br></br> - 100% electrification of rural schools (Dr. Jitendra Soni) <br></br> - Manodarpan initiative <br></br> - Kenya’s representation of women in assembly and senate <br></br> - Himachal Pradesh women in police <br></br> - Kerala’s menstrual leave for women students <br></br> - Maharashtra all-women battalion

Question 13

LGBT Community

Answer 13

• Ugandan anti-LGBTQ law <br></br> - Mahindra’s queer inclusion policy <br></br> - Transgender Community desk in Hyderabad <br></br> - Kerala’s transgender policy <br></br> - India’s first transgender sports meet <br></br> - Ireland and Denmark gender self-determination <br></br> - Gender-neutral toilets in Delhi <br></br> - Chennai Transkitchen <br></br> - Sameera M. Jahagirdar’s advocacy <br></br> - Manipur’s all-transgender football team <br></br> - Sathyasri Sharmila (transgender lawyer) <br></br> - Kalki Subramaniam’s Sahodari Foundation <br></br> - Pranathi Prakash’s marriage <br></br> - Shanavi Ponnusamy’s job denial case <br></br> - Manabi Bandopadhyay (first transgender college principal) <br></br> - Manjamma Jogathi (Padma Shri award) <br></br> - Achinta Das Mazumder’s Aadhar card <br></br> - Sweekurtiproject for transgender skilling

Question 14

Education

Answer 14

• Potacabins for children in LWE areas (Chhattisgarh) <br></br> - Delhi Model Virtual School <br></br> - E-Talim in Bihar <br></br> - Aao Ghar Mein Seekhein program (Rajasthan) <br></br> - Namath Basai (Kerala) <br></br> - Baste Ka Bojh Kam project (Rajasthan) <br></br> - Mobile libraries in MP <br></br> - **Prat

Question 15

Crime and Violence

Answer 15

• Delhi Police’s ‘Operation Red Rose’ <br></br> - Punjab’s anti-drug initiatives <br></br> - Haryana’s measures for women safety <br></br> - Kolkata’s drug rehabilitation centres <br></br> - UP’s ‘Suraksha Kavach’ for women <br></br> - Mumbai’s vigilance squads <br></br> - Chhattisgarh’s anti-Naxal measures <br></br> - Kerala’s anti-terror initiatives <br></br> - Jammu and Kashmir’s de-radicalization program

Question 16

Migration

Answer 16

• Migration to Gulf countries <br></br> - Employment exchanges in Kerala <br></br> - Skill development for migrants in Maharashtra <br></br> - Transit accommodation in Delhi <br></br> - Migrants’ rights initiatives (UNICEF, ILO) <br></br> - Odisha’s safe migration program <br></br> - Tripura’s migrant workers’ welfare scheme

Question 17

Labor Rights

Answer 17

• Wage theft initiatives (Delhi, Karnataka) <br></br> - Minimum wage act enforcement (Gujarat) <br></br> - Migrant labor camps (Rajasthan) <br></br> - Social security for informal workers (Kerala) <br></br> - Punjab’s farm labor rights <br></br> - Skill training for construction workers (Bihar) <br></br> - Child labor prevention (MP)

Question 18

Main Topic

Answer 18

Examples

Question 20

Public Interest Litigation

Answer 20

• NALSA Judgment: Provided fundamental rights to transgenders in India. <br></br> - Bandhua Mukti Morcha vs. Union of India: SC ordered the release of bonded laborers. <br></br> - Sumit Batra Case: SC emphasized the right to be protected from solitary confinement of undertrials. <br></br> - Hussainara Khatoon vs. State of Bihar: Led to the release of thousands of undertrials who served their maximum period. <br></br> - Expanding Scope of Article 21: Includes right to clean air, livelihood, etc.

Question 21

Parliament

Answer 21

• Need for Parliamentary Budget Office: Similar to the US Congressional Budget Office. <br></br> - Passing of Farm Laws: Initially by voice vote, later repealed. <br></br> - Disruption in Parliament: Caused by MPs. <br></br> - Privilege Motion: Against the ex-Chief Justice of India. <br></br> - Britain’s Bill Scrutiny: Every bill is scrutinized by a committee. <br></br> - Participatory Budget Analysis: Example - DISHA in Gujarat.

Question 22

Local Government

Answer 22

• Women Panchayat Leaders: Invested 48% more in village development compared to male counterparts. <br></br> - Fatima Bi: Awarded UN’s Race Against Poverty Award. <br></br> - Meenangadi Gram Panchayat: Carbon neutral project to transform the village. <br></br> - Model Panchayat Citizens Charter: Prepared by Ministry of Panchayati Raj for service delivery. <br></br> - National Mobile Monitoring System (NMMS) App: For transparency in MGNREGS. <br></br> - Chhavirajavat: Harvard graduate who returned to work as Sarpanch. <br></br> - Madamakki Village: Adopted innovative methods for a circle at junction of roads. <br></br> - People’s Plan Campaign: ‘Sabki Yojana Sabka Vikas’ by Ministry of Panchayat Raj since 2018. <br></br> - Bijili Panchayats in Haryana: Encouraging consumers to pay arrears with government waiving off surcharge.

Question 23

Corruption/Scams

Answer 23

• Augusta Westland VVIP Chopper Deal. <br></br> - Narada Scam. <br></br> - Vyapam Scam. <br></br> - Rs 600-Crore Unipay2U Scam: People were cheated through Ponzi schemes.

Question 24

Transparency

Answer 24

• Padma Award Portal: To democratize the process. <br></br> - RTI Applications: Seeking information pertaining to PM CARES Fund stonewalled. <br></br> - Jan Soochna Portal of Rajasthan: First ever portal to provide information about government authorities and departments. <br></br> - Resignation of Kerala Higher Education Minister: Due to rounds of nepotism.

Question 25

**Digitalization**

Answer 25

- **2G Mobile Network**: Installed in **Vijaynagar**, one of the remotest administrative circles in Arunachal Pradesh.
- **Optical Fiber**: Launched for **A&N island**.
- **Smart Anganwadi App**: For **anganwadi teachers**, Gujarat.

Question 26

**Financial Inclusion**

Answer 26

- **Jharkhand Incident**: Man carried his **100-year-old mother** to bank for pension withdrawal.
- **Odisha Incident**: Woman dragged her **100-year-old mother** in a cot to withdraw money.
- **Haryana Govt Initiative**: Distributed **'Parivar Pehchan Patra'** for e-governance to access government schemes.
- **Kerala Fiber Optical Network (KFON)**: Provides **high-speed connectivity**; Kerala is the only state to make **right to access internet** a basic right.
- **First District Good Governance Index**: Arunachal Pradesh.
- **Andhra Pradesh**: Imposed hefty fines on **illegal sand sale** and transportation.

Question 27

**Police & Prison Reforms**

Answer 27

- **Tamil Nadu Custodial Deaths**: Father-son duo arrested for **lockdown violation**.
- **Police Officials Attack**: Video footage of police attacking citizens during **lockdown**.
- **Hyderabad Police Killing**: Of 4 accused in the **‘Disha’ case**.
- **Encounter of Vikas Dubey**.
- **Bhondshi Jail Case**: Nexus between **inmates** and **jail officials**.

Question 28

**E-Governance**

Answer 28

- **Bhoomi Project**: Online delivery of **land records**.
- **Project FRIENDS in Kerala**: Single window facility for **tax payments** and other dues.
- **GIS-Based Property Tax Monitoring**: By **Surat Municipal Corporation**.
- **T Bhoobalan, IAS (Taxman of Tumakuru)**: **Doorstep tax collection** facility.
- **CPGRAMS Portal**: For lodging **complaints** against public servants.
- **TS-iPASS**: Telangana State Industrial Project Approval and **Self-Certification System**.
- **Khajane Project in Karnataka**: **Online treasury computerization**; tracks from state budget approval to rendering accounts.
- **PRAGATI2.0**: **Integrated and interactive platform** for overseeing government schemes, grievances, and projects through **video conferencing**.
- **e-Bill Platform**: Bringing all central ministries under it by **2024** for **timely clearance** of bills.
- **MyGov.org**: Draft schemes and policies put in **public domain** for feedback.
- **E-parisaraa**: Indigenous tech for **extracting metals** from printed circuit boards (e-waste).
- **Digital India Bhashini Portal**: **260 open-source AI models** available for speech-to-text conversion.
- **Srijan App**: For **defense export clearances**.
- **E-daakhil Portal**: For **consumer complaints**.
- **Akshaya Big Campaign**: Document **digitization**; Wayanad becomes the first district to provide basic facilities like **Aadhar** to all tribal people.
- **Delhi HC Hybrid E-Sewa Kendra**: Enables litigants to seek **info about their cases** from any place.
- **E-BIZ Project**: **Single window support** for all queries related to business.

Question 29

**Regulation, De-Regulation, Mis-Regulation**

Answer 29

- **Patanjali Ayurved’s Claim**: Unchecked claim of a **“cure” for COVID** through Coronil.
- **Amendments to UAPA Act and NIA Act**.
- **Planned Privatization**: Of some **services of Indian Railways**.
- **Opening Up of Coal Sector**: Does away with **end-use restriction**.
- **Recent Amendment**: Deregulates **commodities** under Essential Commodities Act, 1955.

Question 30

**Role of NGOs**

Answer 30

- **Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR)**: Focuses on **human rights**.
- **Azad Foundation, CERA**: A feminist organization building **leadership in women**.
- **People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL)**: Advocates for **right to food**.
- **Goonj**: **Relief activities** during Rahat floods in Assam.
- **Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan**: Pioneering role in **getting RTI law passed**.
- **Naz Foundation**: Advocates for **LGBT rights**.
- **Smile Foundation**: Promotes **education among the underprivileged**.
- **Helpage India**: Focuses on **concerns of elders** like healthcare and pension.
- **Reuters**: Known as an **unbiased NGO**.
- **Nanhi Kali**: Founded by **Anand Mahindra**; supports **education for underprivileged girls**.
- **Pratham**: Founded by **Madhav Chavan** and **Faride Lambe**; works for **quality education** for underprivileged children.
- **CRY (Child Rights and You)**: Helps restore **children’s rights**.
- **PRS Legislative Research**: Focuses on **journalism, documentation, research, and awareness**.
- **Samata**: Partnered with **Gram Panchayat** for implementation of FRA and CAMPA acts.
- **Green Peace**: Protested against **Arctic oil drilling** and

Question 31

**Main Topic**

Answer 31

**Examples**

Question 32

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Answer 32

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Question 33

**Role of Civil Servants**

Answer 33

- **Umakant Umrao** (Collector of Dewas) helped farmers in Madhya Pradesh by constructing **16,000 ponds** to combat drought.
- **Ritu Maheswari** installed new **electricity smart meters** in Kanpur to tackle theft.
- **P Narahari** provided a **barrier-free environment** for people with disabilities.
- **Smita Sabharwal** initiated "Fund your city" in Warangal, Telangana, involving citizens in development.
- **IPS Arif Shaikh** started the **Chuppi Todd campaign** for women's safety with a dedicated WhatsApp number.
- **Devansh Yadav (IAS)** empowered SHGs to start **sanitary pad making** and **bamboo furniture units**.

Question 34

**Citizen Charter & Social Audit**

Answer 34

- **Delhi Transport Corporation** focused on **citizen charter awareness** through brochures.
- **Chandigarh** demanded adoption of a citizen charter to reduce harassment.
- **TISCO** implemented a **social audit** in 1979.
- **Meghalaya** passed the **Community Participation and Public Services Social Audit Act, 2017**.
- **Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS)** conducts audits in Rajasthan.
- **NGO in Andhra Pradesh** promotes social audits.

Question 35

**Self-Help Groups (SHGs)**

Answer 35

- **SHG volunteers** assigned in PDS shops in Tamil Nadu.
- **SEWA** under **Ela Bhatt** organized women workers into groups.
- **Kerala Kudumbashree** provides training in banking and skills.
- **Arunachal Pradesh** marketing board helped women SHGs supply produce to army units.
- **PM praised** Khadki village SHG for ensuring tap connections.
- **Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat** have better empowered SHGs compared to Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
- **SHG members** in Tamil Nadu trained as mental health counselors.
- **Jharkhand**'s SHG project provided employment to women.
- **Kudumbashree**'s initiatives include self-defense classes and food distribution.

Question 36

**Role of Pressure Groups**

Answer 36

- **ASSOCHAM** researched boosting agri-processing.
- **Jharkhand Mukti Morcha** empowers tribals, SC/ST women.
- Key pressure groups include **FICCI, ASSOCHAM, CII, SIAM, AIKS**, and **Kisan Mazdoor Shakti Sangathan**.
- **Informal pressure groups**: Cow vigilantes and communal groups.

Question 37

**International Relations**

Answer 37

- **Jacinda Ardern**, PM of New Zealand, took her daughter to a UNGA meeting.
- **Abiy Ahmed** awarded Nobel Peace Prize for ending civil war.
- **PM** honored with highest civilian award of Papua New Guinea.
- **Ammal Farhat**: first female taxi driver in Saudi Arabia.
- Recent **Iran protests** over hijab issue.
- **PM praised** German Embassy's celebration of Naatu Naatu.
- **Germany** introduced new feminist foreign policy.

Question 38

**Miscellaneous**

Answer 38

- **iGOT Karmayogi** platform for civil servants' training.
- **Arunachal Pradesh**'s demand for 6th schedule status.
- **171 hospitals** de-listed from PM-JAY due to fraud.
- **Maharashtra's SEBC Act** provides quota to Maratha community.
- **2000 PACS** to open Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendras.
- **SCOMillets Food Festival** in Mumbai.
- **PM Gati Shakti NMP** received PM's Award for Excellence in Public Administration.
- **India’s first National Centre of Excellence in Green Port & Shipping** in Gurugram.
- **Indian Railways** completed **100% electrification** of Odisha.
- **UdyamAssist Platform** to formalize informal micro enterprises.
- **Sagar Manthan**: Real-time performance monitoring dashboard.
- **Youth Parliament Competitions** organized by Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.
- **IAS Inayat Khan** adopted two children of Pulwama martyr.
- **CVigil app** by ECI to report MCC violations.