gs reports Flashcards
1
Q
A
2
Q
Global Economic Prospects (GEP) 2023 Report by World Bank
A
- Indian economic growth is projected to slow from 8.7% in FY2021/22 to 6.9% in FY2022/23. <br></br> - Indian economy is expected to grow at 6.6% in fiscal year 2023-24. <br></br> - India is expected to be the fastest-growing economy of the seven largest developing economies (EMDEs). <br></br> - Global economy is to grow by 1.7% in 2023 and 2.7% in 2024.
3
Q
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2023 by UN DESA
A
- India will grow at 6.7% in 2024, fastest-growing major economy in world. <br></br> - Growth in India is expected to remain strong at 5.8%, albeit slightly lower than the estimated 6.4% in 2022. <br></br> - India’s inflation is expected to decelerate to 5.5% in 2023 as slower currency depreciation eases imported inflation. <br></br> - World’s average inflation rate was at 9% in 2022.
4
Q
World Investment Report 2023 (UNCTAD)
A
- India and ASEAN were the most resilient destinations, with FDI increases of 10% and 5%, respectively. <br></br> - FDI inflows were higher in developing countries compared with those in developed economies. <br></br> - Investment gap across all sectors of SDGs increased to more than $4 trillion per year from $2.5 trillion in 2015.
5
Q
Global Investment Trend Monitor Report 2022 (UNCTAD)
A
- FDI flows to India decreased by 26% because large M&A deals recorded in 2020 were not repeated. <br></br> - FDI flows across developing economies increased by 30%. It reached around USD 870 billion. In East and South-East Asia, growth accelerated by 20%.
6
Q
Global Wage Report 2022-23 by ILO
A
- Global wages were reduced in 2022 for the first time since 2008. <br></br> - Lower-income countries have especially been hit because of significant loss in wages during the COVID-19 pandemic. <br></br> - United States, United Kingdom, Spain, South Korea, Bulgaria and Spain are some countries that witnessed a fall in the minimum wages. <br></br> - The average wages of advanced G20 countries is 4,000 USD per month and for emerging G20 countries, it is 1,800 per month.
7
Q
World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2023 - ILO
A
- Global employment will increase by only 1 percent in the year 2023. The global unemployment rate has been estimated at 5.8 percent. <br></br> - In the year 2022, the labor force participation rate of women was 47.4 percent, while the participation of men was 72.3 percent. <br></br> - Annual employment growth is estimated to be around 1% in Asia and the Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean.
8
Q
World Migration Report 2022 – International Organization for Migration
A
- The number of international migrants has grown from 84 million globally in 1970 to 281 million in 2020. <br></br> - Asia reported the largest displacement due to disasters. <br></br> - India reported 4 mn new displacements due to disasters. <br></br> - Mostly new displacement is triggered by climate-related events and disasters like storms, extreme temperature, drought etc.
9
Q
Migration and Development Brief
A
- In India, the largest global recipient, remittances represented only 3.3% of GDP in 2022.
10
Q
A
11
Q
2023 – World Bank
A
- Almost 36% of India’s remittances are from high-skilled and largely high-tech Indian migrants in the US, United Kingdom, and Singapore. <br></br> - Remittance inflows from the GCC countries account for about 28% of India’s total remittance inflows. <br></br> - Top five recipient countries for remittances in 2022 were India ($111 billion), followed by Mexico ($61 billion), China ($51 billion), the Philippines ($38 billion), and Pakistan ($30 billion).
12
Q
Groundswell Report – World Bank
A
- Climate change could force 216 million people across six world regions to move within their countries by 2050. <br></br> - In South Asia, around 1.8% of the population can be internal climate migrants by 2050. <br></br> - The scale of internal climate migration will be largest in the poorest and most climate-vulnerable regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa. <br></br> - In South Asia, Bangladesh is particularly affected by flooding and crop failures, accounting for almost half of predicted climate migrants.
13
Q
State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023 Report
A
- Over 700 million people were facing hunger in the world in 2022. <br></br> - In 2021, 22.3% (148.1 million) children were stunted, 6.8% (45 million) were wasted, and 5.6% (37 million) were overweight. <br></br> - Approximately 2.4 billion individuals did not have consistent access to nutritious, safe, and sufficient food in 2022. <br></br> Suggestions: <br></br> - Reorientation of food systems to cater to new urban populations and eradicate hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition. <br></br> - Integrating humanitarian, development, and peace-building policies in conflict-affected areas. <br></br> - Scaling up climate resilience across food systems. <br></br> - Strengthening the resilience of the most vulnerable to economic adversity. <br></br> - Intervening along food supply chains to lower the cost of nutritious foods. <br></br> - Tackling poverty and structural inequalities, ensuring interventions are pro-poor and inclusive. <br></br> - Strengthening food environments and changing consumer behavior to promote dietary patterns with positive impacts on human health and the environment.
14
Q
Least Developed Countries Report 2021 (UNCTAD)
A
- LDC group’s GDP per capita was 10% of the global average in 2019. <br></br> - Only seven LDCs (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos, Lesotho, Mali, and Myanmar) have continuously outperformed the global average GDP per capita growth rate by more than 1% and so converged to higher-income country standards of living. <br></br> - Real GDP for LDCs has increased fivefold since 1971. <br></br> - The analysis showed that budget gaps in health will gradually expand from 6.3% to 11.3% of GDP by 2030; in education, they will increase from 4.2% to 6.6% of GDP by 2030; and in social protection, they will increase from 2% to 8.5% of GDP by 2030.
15
Q
Commodities at a Glance: Special issue on strategic battery minerals report by UNCTAD
A
- Rapid growth in demand for rechargeable batteries due to the gradual integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in global transportation. <br></br> - The sales of electric cars increased by 65% in 2018 from 2017. <br></br> - The report highlighted that the supply of raw materials to produce rechargeable batteries is uncertain. <br></br> - Over 60% of the world’s Cobalt is mined in the DRC while over 75% of global Lithium is mined in Australia and Chile.
16
Q
Mission 2070: A Green New Deal for a Net-Zero India Report – World Economic Forum
A
- India’s transition towards a green economy could contribute about $1 trillion in economic impact by 2030, which would increase to $15 trillion by 2070. It will create more than 50 million jobs. <br></br> - The Green New Deal for India will implicate the five sectors that contribute to almost all of GHG emissions: <br></br> - Energy Sector: It accounts for ~40% of India’s GHG emissions and will require a three-pronged approach: replace fossil fuels with renewables; reduce fossil CO2 emissions from legacy infrastructure; and remove unavoidable carbon emissions by carbon sequestration. <br></br> - Mobility: It relies heavily on oil. A shift will need a modal mix from road to rail and fuel diversification. <br></br> - Industry: Iron and steel, cement, and chemicals and fertilizers sectors having the highest CO2 footprint. <br></br> - Green buildings, infrastructure, and cities: India’s top 25 cities contribute more than 15% of its estimated GHG emissions. <br></br> - Agriculture: The agriculture sector is the largest contributor to nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane emissions.
17
Q
World Competitiveness Index 2023 - Institute for Management Development (IMD)
A
- India is ranked at 40th position (43rd position in 2019-21). <br></br> - Top 3 positions are Denmark, Ireland, and Switzerland. <br></br> - Key factors that contributed to India’s ranking were exchange rate stability, compensation levels, and advancements in pollution control.
18
Q
Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation 2023 - UNESCAP
A
- It places India at the forefront of global trade facilitation efforts with an impressive score of about 93% in 2023. <br></br> - Perfect scores of 100% in Transparency, Formalities, Institutional Arrangement and Cooperation, and Paperless Trade. <br></br> - India stands as the best-performing country in the South Asia region, surpassing several developed nations including Canada, France, the UK, and Germany.
19
Q
Asian Development Outlook 2022 – Asian Development Bank
A
- India’s GDP growth to moderate to 7.5% in 2022-23 from an estimated 8.9% in 2021-22. <br></br> - Factors impacting India’s growth: Russia-Ukraine conflict -> higher oil prices, higher public capital spending was expected to improve the efficiency of India’s logistics infrastructure, crowd-in private investment, generate jobs in construction, and sustain growth.
20
Q
Trade and Development Report 2022 – UNCTAD
A
- India’s economic growth is to decline to 5.7% from 8.2% in 2021. <br></br> - India experienced an expansion of 8.2% in 2021, the strongest among G20 countries.
21
Q
Changing Wealth of Nations Report 2021
A
- Countries that are depleting their resources in favor of short-term gains are putting their economies on an unsustainable development path. <br></br> - Low- and middle-income countries saw forest wealth per capita decline 8% from 1995 to 2018, reflecting significant deforestation. <br></br> - Global wealth inequality is growing.
22
Q
A
23
Q
World Bank Report on Remittance 2022
A
- Remittance flows to India will rise 12% to reach $100 billion in 2022.
24
Q
U.S. Priority Watch List for Intellectual Property (IP)
A
- India, China, Russia, & 4 other countries were added to the US’s annual ‘Priority Watch List’ for intellectual property protection and enforcement. <br></br> - India was ranked among the top five source countries for fake goods trade by the OECD in 2019. <br></br> - India had made “meaningful progress” to enhance IP protection and enforcement in some areas in 2019 and had acceded to the WIPO Internet Treaties and the Nice Agreement.
25
**Ease of Doing Business Rankings 2020 by World Bank**
- India moves to 63rd slot from 77 last year, among 190 nations.
- Recognized India as one of the top 10 improvers for the 3rd consecutive year.
- India continues to maintain its first position among South Asian countries.
- Recovery rate under resolving insolvency has improved significantly from 26.5% to 71.6%. The time taken for resolving insolvency has also come down significantly from 4.3 years to 1.6 years.
- Recognized India as one of the top 10 improvers for the 3rd consecutive year.
- India continues to maintain its first position among South Asian countries.
- Recovery rate under resolving insolvency has improved significantly from 26.5% to 71.6%. The time taken for resolving insolvency has also come down significantly from 4.3 years to 1.6 years.
26
**Global Wealth Report 2022**
- Global wealth up 9.8% YoY at $463.6 trillion in 2021.
- Wealth per adult grew by $6,800 (8.4%) to reach $87,489, close to three times the level recorded at the turn of the century.
- The richest 1% of the global population increased their share of all the world’s wealth for the 2nd year running to 46%, up from 44% in 2020.
- Wealth per adult grew by $6,800 (8.4%) to reach $87,489, close to three times the level recorded at the turn of the century.
- The richest 1% of the global population increased their share of all the world’s wealth for the 2nd year running to 46%, up from 44% in 2020.
27
**Human Capital Index (HCI) 2020 by World Bank**
**Impact of Pandemic**:
- More than 1 billion children have been out of school and could lose out, on average, half a year of schooling.
- Estimation of a 12% drop in employment levels.
- Impact of COVID-19 on developing countries particularly has been hard and there is the collapse of the formal and informal market.
- More than 1 billion children have been out of school and could lose out, on average, half a year of schooling.
- Estimation of a 12% drop in employment levels.
- Impact of COVID-19 on developing countries particularly has been hard and there is the collapse of the formal and informal market.
28
**Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report 2022 by World Bank**
- The world is unlikely to meet the goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030.
- 70 million people were plunged into poverty in 2020, the largest one-year increase since global poverty monitoring began in 1990.
- An estimated 719 million people subsisted on less than $2.15 a day by the end of 2020.
- 70 million people were plunged into poverty in 2020, the largest one-year increase since global poverty monitoring began in 1990.
- An estimated 719 million people subsisted on less than $2.15 a day by the end of 2020.
29
**Worldwide Cost of Living Report 2022 – EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit)**
- New York and Singapore emerged as joint-most expensive cities to live in.
- In India: Bengaluru (161), Chennai (164), and Ahmedabad (165).
- In India: Bengaluru (161), Chennai (164), and Ahmedabad (165).
30
---
---
31
**Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023**
**Global Data**:
- 1.1 billion people are acutely multi-dimensionally poor.
- Children under 18 years old account for half of MPI-poor people (566 million).
- The poverty rate among children is 27.7%, while among adults it is 13.4%.
- Sub-Saharan Africa has 534 million poor and South Asia has 389 million.
**India Specific**:
- India has more than 230 million people who are poor.
- It has halved its global MPI values within 15 years. 415 million Indians escaped poverty between 2005-06 and 2019-21.
- The incidence of poverty declined from 55.1% in 2005/2006 to 16.4% in 2019/2021.
- Percentage of people who were multi-dimensionally poor and deprived of nutrition decreased from 44.3% in 2005/2006 to 11.8% in 2019/2021.
- India progressed in all three deprivation indicators: Health, Education, Standard of Living.
- 1.1 billion people are acutely multi-dimensionally poor.
- Children under 18 years old account for half of MPI-poor people (566 million).
- The poverty rate among children is 27.7%, while among adults it is 13.4%.
- Sub-Saharan Africa has 534 million poor and South Asia has 389 million.
**India Specific**:
- India has more than 230 million people who are poor.
- It has halved its global MPI values within 15 years. 415 million Indians escaped poverty between 2005-06 and 2019-21.
- The incidence of poverty declined from 55.1% in 2005/2006 to 16.4% in 2019/2021.
- Percentage of people who were multi-dimensionally poor and deprived of nutrition decreased from 44.3% in 2005/2006 to 11.8% in 2019/2021.
- India progressed in all three deprivation indicators: Health, Education, Standard of Living.
32
**National Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023**
- Around 13.5 crore (135 million) people moved out of multidimensional poverty between 2015-16 and 2019-21.
- Multidimensional poverty decreased from 24.85% in 2015-16 to 14.96% in 2019-21.
- The rural areas experienced the fastest decline in poverty, with the poverty rate dropping from 32.59% to 19.28% between 2015-16 and 2019-21.
- In urban areas, the poverty rate reduced from 8.65% to 5.27% during the same period.
- In terms of the number of MPI poor, Uttar Pradesh saw the largest decline in the number of poor individuals, with 3.43 crore (34.3 million) people escaping multidimensional poverty.
- MPI value halved from 0.117 to 0.066 between 2015-16 and 2019-21.
- Multidimensional poverty decreased from 24.85% in 2015-16 to 14.96% in 2019-21.
- The rural areas experienced the fastest decline in poverty, with the poverty rate dropping from 32.59% to 19.28% between 2015-16 and 2019-21.
- In urban areas, the poverty rate reduced from 8.65% to 5.27% during the same period.
- In terms of the number of MPI poor, Uttar Pradesh saw the largest decline in the number of poor individuals, with 3.43 crore (34.3 million) people escaping multidimensional poverty.
- MPI value halved from 0.117 to 0.066 between 2015-16 and 2019-21.
33
**Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2022**
- India ranked 107 out of 121 countries.
- India’s child wasting rate at 19.3% is worse than earlier levels recorded in 2014 (15.1%) and 2000 (17.15%) and is the highest for any country in the world.
- Undernourishment risen in India from 14.6% in 2018-2020 to 16.3% in 2019-2021.
- India fares worse than all South Asian countries.
- Child stunting declined from 38.7% to 35.5% between 2014 and 2022.
- Child mortality dropped from 4.6% to 3.3% between 2014 and 2022.
**Global Scenario**:
- Top rankings dominated by European nations including Croatia, Estonia, and Montenegro.
- Yemen lies at the lowest position (121).
- In Asia, only China and Kuwait are ranked at the top of the list.
- India’s child wasting rate at 19.3% is worse than earlier levels recorded in 2014 (15.1%) and 2000 (17.15%) and is the highest for any country in the world.
- Undernourishment risen in India from 14.6% in 2018-2020 to 16.3% in 2019-2021.
- India fares worse than all South Asian countries.
- Child stunting declined from 38.7% to 35.5% between 2014 and 2022.
- Child mortality dropped from 4.6% to 3.3% between 2014 and 2022.
**Global Scenario**:
- Top rankings dominated by European nations including Croatia, Estonia, and Montenegro.
- Yemen lies at the lowest position (121).
- In Asia, only China and Kuwait are ranked at the top of the list.
34
**Global Nutrition Report 2021**
- Anaemia: Over half of Indian women in the age group 15-49 years are anaemic.
- Children wasting: Over 17% of Indian children under 5 years of age are affected. India is also among 23 countries that have made no progress or are worsening on reducing ‘childhood wasting’.
- Obesity: Around 6.2% of adult women and 3.5% of adult men are living with obesity in the country.
- Stunting: India is among 53 countries ‘on course’ to meet the target for stunting. But over 34% of children under 5 years of age are still affected.
- Overweight: The country is also among 105 countries that are ‘on course’ to meet the target for ‘childhood overweight’. Some 58% of infants in the age group 0-5 months are exclusively breastfed in India.
- Children wasting: Over 17% of Indian children under 5 years of age are affected. India is also among 23 countries that have made no progress or are worsening on reducing ‘childhood wasting’.
- Obesity: Around 6.2% of adult women and 3.5% of adult men are living with obesity in the country.
- Stunting: India is among 53 countries ‘on course’ to meet the target for stunting. But over 34% of children under 5 years of age are still affected.
- Overweight: The country is also among 105 countries that are ‘on course’ to meet the target for ‘childhood overweight’. Some 58% of infants in the age group 0-5 months are exclusively breastfed in India.
35
**Global Report on Food Crises 2023 - Global Network Against Food Crises**
- Between 691 million and 783 million people experienced hunger in 2022.
- The number of individuals lacking adequate access to food reached 2.4 billion in 2022.
- The prevalence of undernourishment rose to 9.2% of the global population in 2022.
- Stunting declined from 204.2 million in 2000 to 148.1 million in 2022.
- Child wasting shown a decline from 54.1 million in 2000 to 45 million in 2022.
- A slight non-significant increase in child overweight or obesity, rising from 5.3% (33 million) in 2000 to 5.6% (37 million) in 2022.
- 3.2 billion people worldwide could not afford a healthy diet in 2020.
- The number of individuals lacking adequate access to food reached 2.4 billion in 2022.
- The prevalence of undernourishment rose to 9.2% of the global population in 2022.
- Stunting declined from 204.2 million in 2000 to 148.1 million in 2022.
- Child wasting shown a decline from 54.1 million in 2000 to 45 million in 2022.
- A slight non-significant increase in child overweight or obesity, rising from 5.3% (33 million) in 2000 to 5.6% (37 million) in 2022.
- 3.2 billion people worldwide could not afford a healthy diet in 2020.
36
**Global Food Security Index 2022**
- India is ranked at 68th position along with Algeria with an overall score of 58.9.
- In 2022, 8 of the top 10 performing countries are in Europe, with Finland topping the list with a score of 83.7.
- South Africa, at the 59th position, was recognized as the most food-secure country in Africa.
- In 2022, 8 of the top 10 performing countries are in Europe, with Finland topping the list with a score of 83.7.
- South Africa, at the 59th position, was recognized as the most food-secure country in Africa.
37
**Gender, Climate & Security: Sustaining Inclusive Peace on the Frontlines of Climate Change Report by UNEP**
**Case Studies Discussed in Report**:
- In northern Nigeria, norms of masculinity and desire to protect family wealth are intensifying inter-communal farmer-herder conflicts and motivating young men to join armed groups like Boko Haram, as climate change impacts destroy natural resource-based livelihoods.
- In Papua and West Papua, Indonesia, indigenous women have been disproportionately affected by the impacts of land degradation from extractive industries, which have been exacerbated by a changing climate.
- In urban Pakistan, women have experienced domestic violence for failing to manage households with depleting water supplies due to climate change.
- In western Nepal, degraded livelihoods have increased the migration of seasonal workers – mostly men – to neighboring India or to urban areas. Women have higher levels of insecurity as the sole providers for their families.
- In northern Nigeria, norms of masculinity and desire to protect family wealth are intensifying inter-communal farmer-herder conflicts and motivating young men to join armed groups like Boko Haram, as climate change impacts destroy natural resource-based livelihoods.
- In Papua and West Papua, Indonesia, indigenous women have been disproportionately affected by the impacts of land degradation from extractive industries, which have been exacerbated by a changing climate.
- In urban Pakistan, women have experienced domestic violence for failing to manage households with depleting water supplies due to climate change.
- In western Nepal, degraded livelihoods have increased the migration of seasonal workers – mostly men – to neighboring India or to urban areas. Women have higher levels of insecurity as the sole providers for their families.
38
---
---
39
**State of the World Population Report 2023**
- India’s population is expected to reach 1.4286 billion by July 2023, slightly surpassing China’s 1.4257 billion.
- India’s total fertility rate is estimated at 2, lower than the world average of 2.3.
- Average life expectancy: 71 years for males and 74 years for females.
- Adolescent birth rate is 11 per 1,000 girls aged 15–19; 23% of girls are married before age 18.
- India’s total fertility rate is estimated at 2, lower than the world average of 2.3.
- Average life expectancy: 71 years for males and 74 years for females.
- Adolescent birth rate is 11 per 1,000 girls aged 15–19; 23% of girls are married before age 18.
40
**World Inequality Report 2022 – World Inequality Lab**
- The poorest half of the global population holds just 2% of total wealth, while the richest 10% own 76%.
- Women’s share of total income from labor increased from 30% in 1990 to less than 35% now.
- Countries have become richer, but governments poorer.
- China has seen the largest increase in private wealth.
**India Specific**:
- Private wealth in India rose from 290% in 1980 to 560% in 2020.
- The top 1% hold over 20% of national income, while the bottom half hold 13%.
- LPG reforms benefited the top 1%.
- India's female labor income share is 18%, lower than Asia's average of 21% (excluding China).
- India is a low carbon emitter, with per capita CO2e just over 2.
- Women’s share of total income from labor increased from 30% in 1990 to less than 35% now.
- Countries have become richer, but governments poorer.
- China has seen the largest increase in private wealth.
**India Specific**:
- Private wealth in India rose from 290% in 1980 to 560% in 2020.
- The top 1% hold over 20% of national income, while the bottom half hold 13%.
- LPG reforms benefited the top 1%.
- India's female labor income share is 18%, lower than Asia's average of 21% (excluding China).
- India is a low carbon emitter, with per capita CO2e just over 2.
41
**State of Inequality in India Report 2022 – Institute for Competitiveness**
- Wealth concentration doesn’t reflect changes in purchasing capacity.
- A monthly salary of Rs 25,000 places one in the top 10% of incomes.
- Top 1% account for 6-7% of total incomes; top 10% account for one-third.
- Highest percentage of self-employed workers is in the lowest income categories.
- Unemployment rate: 4.8% (2019-20); worker population ratio: 46.8%.
- Health infrastructure improved, with health centers increasing from 1,72,608 in 2005 to 1,85,505 in 2020.
- Significant improvements in education and sanitation.
- Urban areas have 44.4% wealth concentration in the highest quintile compared to 7.1% in rural areas.
- A monthly salary of Rs 25,000 places one in the top 10% of incomes.
- Top 1% account for 6-7% of total incomes; top 10% account for one-third.
- Highest percentage of self-employed workers is in the lowest income categories.
- Unemployment rate: 4.8% (2019-20); worker population ratio: 46.8%.
- Health infrastructure improved, with health centers increasing from 1,72,608 in 2005 to 1,85,505 in 2020.
- Significant improvements in education and sanitation.
- Urban areas have 44.4% wealth concentration in the highest quintile compared to 7.1% in rural areas.
42
**Inequality Virus Report by Oxfam**
- Indian billionaires' wealth increased by 35% during the lockdown.
- The wealth of the top 11 billionaires could sustain MGNREGS or Health Ministry for 10 years.
**Sector Specific Inequality**:
- Health: 6% of the population lived in inadequate housing for COVID-19 protocols.
- Education: 32 crore students affected by school closures, with 84% in rural areas and 70% in government schools.
- Gender: Unemployment among women rose by 15% from 18% pre-lockdown; could lead to an 8% GDP loss.
**Suggestions/Recommendations**:
- Reintroduce wealth tax and a COVID-19 cess on high incomes.
- Estimated wealth tax on top 954 families could raise 1% of GDP.
- The wealth of the top 11 billionaires could sustain MGNREGS or Health Ministry for 10 years.
**Sector Specific Inequality**:
- Health: 6% of the population lived in inadequate housing for COVID-19 protocols.
- Education: 32 crore students affected by school closures, with 84% in rural areas and 70% in government schools.
- Gender: Unemployment among women rose by 15% from 18% pre-lockdown; could lead to an 8% GDP loss.
**Suggestions/Recommendations**:
- Reintroduce wealth tax and a COVID-19 cess on high incomes.
- Estimated wealth tax on top 954 families could raise 1% of GDP.
43
**Inequality Kills: The Unparalleled Action Needed to Combat Inequality in the Wake of COVID-19 – Oxfam**
- 160 million people became poor during the pandemic; the top 10 people doubled their fortunes.
- Emergency spending inflated stock prices, increasing billionaires' wealth by $5 trillion.
- Extreme inequality contributes to 21,000 deaths daily.
- Inequality impacts women, Dalits in India, Blacks in the US, and indigenous groups worldwide.
- 13 million women have not returned to the workforce; 20 million girls at risk of losing education.
- Gender equality setback could take 135 years to correct.
- The wealthiest 1% are responsible for twice as many emissions as the poorest 50%.
**Suggestions**:
- Implement solidarity taxes on billionaires; cancel tax havens; progressive taxation on corporations.
- Redirect regained wealth towards income safety nets, universal healthcare, green technologies, and women’s protection.
- Strengthen workers' unions, political representation of marginalized groups, and human rights.
**India Specific**:
- 84% of households saw income decline; number of billionaires increased from 102 to 142.
- Healthcare budget declined by 10% and education allocation by 6%; social security schemes’ share dropped from 1.5% to 0.6%.
- Collective wealth of 100 richest people reached Rs 57.3 lakh crore ($775 billion); bottom 50% held only 6% of national wealth.
- India has the 3rd highest number of billionaires, after China and the US, with a 39% increase in 2021.
- A significant portion of the wealth increase was attributed to a single business house – the Adanis.
- Increase in indirect taxes and reduction in corporate tax contributed to the fiscal deficit.
- Emergency spending inflated stock prices, increasing billionaires' wealth by $5 trillion.
- Extreme inequality contributes to 21,000 deaths daily.
- Inequality impacts women, Dalits in India, Blacks in the US, and indigenous groups worldwide.
- 13 million women have not returned to the workforce; 20 million girls at risk of losing education.
- Gender equality setback could take 135 years to correct.
- The wealthiest 1% are responsible for twice as many emissions as the poorest 50%.
**Suggestions**:
- Implement solidarity taxes on billionaires; cancel tax havens; progressive taxation on corporations.
- Redirect regained wealth towards income safety nets, universal healthcare, green technologies, and women’s protection.
- Strengthen workers' unions, political representation of marginalized groups, and human rights.
**India Specific**:
- 84% of households saw income decline; number of billionaires increased from 102 to 142.
- Healthcare budget declined by 10% and education allocation by 6%; social security schemes’ share dropped from 1.5% to 0.6%.
- Collective wealth of 100 richest people reached Rs 57.3 lakh crore ($775 billion); bottom 50% held only 6% of national wealth.
- India has the 3rd highest number of billionaires, after China and the US, with a 39% increase in 2021.
- A significant portion of the wealth increase was attributed to a single business house – the Adanis.
- Increase in indirect taxes and reduction in corporate tax contributed to the fiscal deficit.
44
**India Inequality Report 2022: India’s Unequal Healthcare Story – Oxfam**
- Only one-third of internet users in India are women.
- Internet usage: 31% in rural areas vs. 67% in urban areas.
- Highest internet penetration in Maharashtra; lowest in Bihar.
- Sikhs have the highest likelihood of computer ownership, followed by Christians, Hindus, and Muslims.
- Internet usage: 31% in rural areas vs. 67% in urban areas.
- Highest internet penetration in Maharashtra; lowest in Bihar.
- Sikhs have the highest likelihood of computer ownership, followed by Christians, Hindus, and Muslims.
45
----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
46
**State of the World Population Report 2023**
- India’s population projected to reach 1.4286 billion, surpassing China.
- Total fertility rate: 2 (below global average of 2.3).
- Life expectancy: 71 years (males), 74 years (females).
- Adolescent birth rate: 11 per 1,000 girls aged 15–19.
- Total fertility rate: 2 (below global average of 2.3).
- Life expectancy: 71 years (males), 74 years (females).
- Adolescent birth rate: 11 per 1,000 girls aged 15–19.
47
**World Inequality Report 2022**
- Richest 10% own 76% of global wealth; poorest half own 2%.
- Top 1% earn 6-7% of total income; top 10% earn one-third.
- Wealth concentration: Urban (44.4%) vs. Rural (7.1%).
- Unemployment rate: 4.8%.
- Top 1% earn 6-7% of total income; top 10% earn one-third.
- Wealth concentration: Urban (44.4%) vs. Rural (7.1%).
- Unemployment rate: 4.8%.
48
**State of Inequality in India Report 2022**
- (Not specifically detailed in the global context)
- Wealth concentration is higher in urban areas.
- Worker population ratio: 46.8%.
- Wealth concentration is higher in urban areas.
- Worker population ratio: 46.8%.
49
**Inequality Virus Report by Oxfam**
- Indian billionaires’ wealth increased by 35% during the pandemic.
- Calls for solidarity taxes, end of tax havens, and investments in green technologies and social safety nets.
- Calls for solidarity taxes, end of tax havens, and investments in green technologies and social safety nets.
50
**Inequality Kills Report by Oxfam**
- 160 million fell into poverty due to the pandemic.
- (Not specifically detailed in the Indian context)
- (Not specifically detailed in the Indian context)
51
**Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report 2021**
- 10.6 million diagnosed with TB in 2021; 187,000 also had HIV.
- India accounts for 28% of global TB cases.
- TB incidence: 210 per 100,000 population in 2021 (down from 256 in 2015).
- India accounts for 28% of global TB cases.
- TB incidence: 210 per 100,000 population in 2021 (down from 256 in 2015).
52
**Pneumonia and Diarrhea Progress Report**
- Pneumonia and diarrhea cause over 1.22 million deaths annually.
- 70% of deaths occur in 15 countries.
- 90% vaccine coverage for key vaccines achieved in India.
- 51% ORS treatment for diarrhea; 20% zinc coverage.
- 70% of deaths occur in 15 countries.
- 90% vaccine coverage for key vaccines achieved in India.
- 51% ORS treatment for diarrhea; 20% zinc coverage.
53
**WHO World Malaria Report 2022**
- 247 million malaria cases in 2021; slight increase from previous years.
- 5 high-burden countries saw a decline in deaths.
- 5 high-burden countries saw a decline in deaths.
54
**Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS-4) India**
- 1/5th of students aged 13-15 use tobacco products.
- Highest tobacco use in Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram; lowest in Himachal Pradesh and Karnataka.
- Prevalence of tobacco use among boys: 9.6%, girls: 7.4%.
- 2 in 10 smokers tried to quit; 29.5% exposed to second-hand smoke.
- Highest tobacco use in Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram; lowest in Himachal Pradesh and Karnataka.
- Prevalence of tobacco use among boys: 9.6%, girls: 7.4%.
- 2 in 10 smokers tried to quit; 29.5% exposed to second-hand smoke.
55
**Global Trans-Fat Elimination Report - WHO**
- 43 countries have best-practice trans-fat policies.
- 57 countries have mandatory TFA policies.
- India became the first lower-middle-income country to implement a best-practice policy.
- 57 countries have mandatory TFA policies.
- India became the first lower-middle-income country to implement a best-practice policy.
56
**Global Health Estimates 2019 by WHO**
- Non-communicable diseases dominate top 10 causes of death.
- Deaths from diabetes increased by 70% from 2000 to 2019.
- Deaths from diabetes increased by 70% from 2000 to 2019.
57
**State of Global Learning Poverty**
- Learning poverty increased by one-third in low- and middle-income countries.
- Risks losing $21 trillion in lifetime earnings.
- Learning poverty rose from 54% to 70% in India in 2022.
- Risks losing $21 trillion in lifetime earnings.
- Learning poverty rose from 54% to 70% in India in 2022.
58
**“Beaten or Broken? Informality and COVID-19 in South Asia”**
- COVID-19 led to the worst recession in South Asia; 391 million students affected by school closures.
- Projected learning loss: 0.5 years.
- Projected learning loss: 0.5 years.
59
**State of The Education Report for India 2022**
- High AI skill penetration rate in India.
- AI market projected to reach $7.8 billion by 2025.
- AI market projected to reach $7.8 billion by 2025.
60
**Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings 2023**
- 41 Indian universities ranked; IISc Bengaluru, IIT Bombay, and IIT Delhi in top 200.
- IISc Bengaluru (Rank 155), IIT Bombay (Rank 172), IIT Delhi (Rank 174).
- IISc Bengaluru (Rank 155), IIT Bombay (Rank 172), IIT Delhi (Rank 174).
61
**Child Labour Report 2020**
- 160 million children in child labour; agriculture is the largest sector.
- Child labour more prevalent in rural areas (14%) vs. urban areas (5%).
- Boys more affected than girls.
- Child labour more prevalent in rural areas (14%) vs. urban areas (5%).
- Boys more affected than girls.
62
**State of the World's Children 2023 - UNICEF**
- 67 million children missed vaccinations between 2019 and 2021.
- Measles cases more than doubled in 2022.
- Measles cases more than doubled in 2022.
63
----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
64
**The Levels & Trends in Child Mortality Report 2022 by UNICEF**
- Under-five mortality rate (U5MR) fell to 38 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2021; under-five deaths dropped to 5.0 million.
- Over 5.0 million children under age 5, including 2.3 million newborns, and 2.1 million children and youth aged 5 to 24 years died in 2021.
- Children in sub-Saharan Africa face the highest risk with a 2021 U5MR of 74 deaths per 1,000 live births, 15 times higher than Europe and Northern America, and 19 times higher than Australia and New Zealand.
- Over 5.0 million children under age 5, including 2.3 million newborns, and 2.1 million children and youth aged 5 to 24 years died in 2021.
- Children in sub-Saharan Africa face the highest risk with a 2021 U5MR of 74 deaths per 1,000 live births, 15 times higher than Europe and Northern America, and 19 times higher than Australia and New Zealand.
65
**Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report 2021**
**Global:**
- 10.6 million people diagnosed with TB in 2021, up 4.5% from 2020.
- Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) increased by 3% globally.
- 187,000 TB deaths were also HIV-positive.
- Decline in global spending on essential TB services from US$6 billion in 2019 to US$5.4 billion in 2021.
**India Specific:**
- India accounted for 28% of global TB cases and 36% of global TB deaths among HIV-negative people.
- TB incidence in India for 2021: 210 per 100,000 population (down from 256 in 2015).
- 10.6 million people diagnosed with TB in 2021, up 4.5% from 2020.
- Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) increased by 3% globally.
- 187,000 TB deaths were also HIV-positive.
- Decline in global spending on essential TB services from US$6 billion in 2019 to US$5.4 billion in 2021.
**India Specific:**
- India accounted for 28% of global TB cases and 36% of global TB deaths among HIV-negative people.
- TB incidence in India for 2021: 210 per 100,000 population (down from 256 in 2015).
66
**Pneumonia and Diarrhea Progress Report by International Vaccine Access Centre**
**Global:**
- Pneumonia and diarrhea cause over 1.22 million deaths annually.
- 70% of under-5 deaths occur in 15 countries.
- Significant shortfall in reaching SDG targets for preventable deaths.
- Health systems globally fall short in providing prevention and treatment services.
**India Specific:**
- India has achieved 90% vaccine coverage for Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Measles, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Pneumonia, and rotavirus vaccines.
- Completed the “100-day agenda” for rotavirus vaccine.
- Failed to reach all four targets for treatment; only 51% of children received ORS for diarrhea, and 20% received zinc.
- Pneumonia and diarrhea cause over 1.22 million deaths annually.
- 70% of under-5 deaths occur in 15 countries.
- Significant shortfall in reaching SDG targets for preventable deaths.
- Health systems globally fall short in providing prevention and treatment services.
**India Specific:**
- India has achieved 90% vaccine coverage for Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Measles, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Pneumonia, and rotavirus vaccines.
- Completed the “100-day agenda” for rotavirus vaccine.
- Failed to reach all four targets for treatment; only 51% of children received ORS for diarrhea, and 20% received zinc.
67
**WHO World Malaria Report 2022**
**Global:**
- 247 million malaria cases in 2021, up from 245 million in 2020.
- Five high-burden countries (including India) recorded a decline in malaria deaths.
**India Specific:**
- India is one of the high-burden countries with a recorded decline in malaria deaths.
- 247 million malaria cases in 2021, up from 245 million in 2020.
- Five high-burden countries (including India) recorded a decline in malaria deaths.
**India Specific:**
- India is one of the high-burden countries with a recorded decline in malaria deaths.
68
**Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS-4) India**
- 1/5th of students aged 13-15 used tobacco products.
- Prevalence of tobacco use among boys: 9.6%, girls: 7.4%.
- Smoking tobacco prevalence: 7.3%; smokeless tobacco: 4.1%.
- Ever use of e-cigarettes: 2.8%.
- Highest tobacco use in Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram (58% each); lowest in Himachal Pradesh (1.1%) and Karnataka (1.2%).
- 2 in 10 smokers tried to quit in the past 12 months; 29.5% exposed to second-hand smoke.
- Prevalence of tobacco use among boys: 9.6%, girls: 7.4%.
- Smoking tobacco prevalence: 7.3%; smokeless tobacco: 4.1%.
- Ever use of e-cigarettes: 2.8%.
- Highest tobacco use in Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram (58% each); lowest in Himachal Pradesh (1.1%) and Karnataka (1.2%).
- 2 in 10 smokers tried to quit in the past 12 months; 29.5% exposed to second-hand smoke.
69
**Global Trans-Fat Elimination Report - WHO**
- 43 countries have best-practice trans-fat policies, protecting 2.8 billion people.
- 57 countries have mandatory TFA policies covering 3.2 billion people; 40 countries have best-practice policies.
- India became the first lower-middle-income country to pass a best-practice policy in February 2021.
- 57 countries have mandatory TFA policies covering 3.2 billion people; 40 countries have best-practice policies.
- India became the first lower-middle-income country to pass a best-practice policy in February 2021.
70
**Global Health Estimates 2019 by WHO**
- Non-communicable diseases make up 7 of the top 10 causes of death.
- Deaths from diabetes increased by 70% from 2000 to 2019; 80% rise in deaths among males.
- Heart disease is the leading cause of death, responsible for 16% of total deaths.
- Deaths from diabetes increased by 70% from 2000 to 2019; 80% rise in deaths among males.
- Heart disease is the leading cause of death, responsible for 16% of total deaths.
71
**State of Global Learning Poverty**
- Learning poverty increased by one-third in low- and middle-income countries.
- This generation risks losing $21 trillion in potential lifetime earnings.
- Learning poverty rose from 54% to 70% in India in 2022.
- This generation risks losing $21 trillion in potential lifetime earnings.
- Learning poverty rose from 54% to 70% in India in 2022.
72
**“Beaten or Broken? Informality and COVID-19 in South Asia” report by WB**
- South Asia faced its worst-ever recession in 2020 due to COVID-19.
- 391 million students were kept out of school due to temporary closures.
- Projected learning loss: 0.5 years of learning-adjusted years of schooling (LAYS).
- 391 million students were kept out of school due to temporary closures.
- Projected learning loss: 0.5 years of learning-adjusted years of schooling (LAYS).
73
**State of The Education Report for India 2022 [Artificial Intelligence in Education] UNESCO**
- India has the highest AI skill penetration rate (over 3 times the global average).
- AI market in India expected to reach US$7.8 billion by 2025 with a 20.2% annual growth rate.
- AI market in India expected to reach US$7.8 billion by 2025 with a 20.2% annual growth rate.
74
**Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings - 2023**
- 41 Indian universities ranked; only 27 in the top 1000, 3 in the top 200, and none in the top 100.
- IISc Bengaluru (Rank 155), IIT Bombay (Rank 172), and IIT Delhi (Rank 174) among the top 200.
- IIT Bombay fell from Rank 117 to Rank 172.
- IISc Bengaluru (Rank 155), IIT Bombay (Rank 172), and IIT Delhi (Rank 174) among the top 200.
- IIT Bombay fell from Rank 117 to Rank 172.
75
**Child Labour: Global estimates 2020, trends and the road forward Report: UNICEF and ILO**
- 160 million children in child labour, an increase of 8.4 million in four years.
- Progress to end child labour has stalled; 9 million additional children at risk due to COVID-19.
- Agriculture sector accounts for 70% of child labour.
- Higher prevalence in rural areas (14%) compared to urban areas (5%).
- Progress to end child labour has stalled; 9 million additional children at risk due to COVID-19.
- Agriculture sector accounts for 70% of child labour.
- Higher prevalence in rural areas (14%) compared to urban areas (5%).
76
**State of the World's Children 2023 - UNICEF**
- 67 million children missed vaccinations between 2019 and 2021.
- Measles cases more than doubled in 2022.
- Measles cases more than doubled in 2022.
77
-------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
78
**UNICEF - Levels & Trends in Child Mortality Report 2022**
- U5MR globally decreased to 38 per 1,000 live births in 2021.
- 5.0 million under-five deaths, including 2.3 million newborns.
- Highest risk in Sub-Saharan Africa with U5MR of 74 per 1,000 live births.
- 5.0 million under-five deaths, including 2.3 million newborns.
- Highest risk in Sub-Saharan Africa with U5MR of 74 per 1,000 live births.
79
**Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report 2021**
- 10.6 million diagnosed with TB in 2021, 4.5% increase from 2020.
- Drug-resistant TB cases increased by 3%.
- India: 28% of global TB cases, 36% of TB deaths among HIV-negative individuals.
- Drug-resistant TB cases increased by 3%.
- India: 28% of global TB cases, 36% of TB deaths among HIV-negative individuals.
80
**Pneumonia and Diarrhea Progress Report by International Vaccine Access Centre**
- Pneumonia and diarrhea cause over 1.22 million deaths annually.
- 70% of deaths in 15 countries.
- India achieved high vaccination coverage but failed to meet all treatment targets.
- 70% of deaths in 15 countries.
- India achieved high vaccination coverage but failed to meet all treatment targets.
81
**WHO World Malaria Report 2022**
- 247 million malaria cases in 2021.
- India among countries with decreased malaria-related deaths.
- Emissions rebounded in 2021.
- India among countries with decreased malaria-related deaths.
- Emissions rebounded in 2021.
82
**Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS-4) India**
- 20% of students aged 13-15 use tobacco.
- Higher prevalence among boys.
- Significant regional variations in tobacco use.
- Higher prevalence among boys.
- Significant regional variations in tobacco use.
83
**Global Trans-Fat Elimination Report - WHO**
- 43 countries with best-practice policies for trans-fats.
- India first lower-middle-income country to pass best-practice policy.
- 3.2 billion people under mandatory TFA policies.
- India first lower-middle-income country to pass best-practice policy.
- 3.2 billion people under mandatory TFA policies.
84
**WHO Suicide Worldwide Report 2019**
- 703,000 suicides globally in 2019.
- Suicide rates higher in Africa, Europe, and South-East Asia.
- India has the highest suicide rate in Southeast Asia.
- Suicide rates higher in Africa, Europe, and South-East Asia.
- India has the highest suicide rate in Southeast Asia.
85
**State of Global Learning Poverty**
- Learning poverty increased; India’s rate rose from 54% to 70% in 2022.
- Risks $21 trillion in potential lifetime earnings loss.
- Risks $21 trillion in potential lifetime earnings loss.
86
**State of The Education Report for India 2022 [AI in Education]**
- India has a high AI skill penetration rate.
- AI market projected to reach USD 7.8 billion by 2025.
- AI market projected to reach USD 7.8 billion by 2025.
87
**Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings 2023**
- 41 Indian universities ranked globally.
- IISc Bengaluru, IIT Bombay, and IIT Delhi in top 200.
- IIT Bombay’s ranking dropped from 117 to 172.
- IISc Bengaluru, IIT Bombay, and IIT Delhi in top 200.
- IIT Bombay’s ranking dropped from 117 to 172.
88
**Child Labour: Global Estimates 2020**
- 160 million children in child labour worldwide.
- 70% in agriculture.
- Higher prevalence in rural areas.
- 70% in agriculture.
- Higher prevalence in rural areas.
89
**The World’s Women 2020: Trends and Statistics**
- Women’s labor market participation: 47% vs. 74% for men.
- Women hold 28% of managerial positions.
- Women’s parliamentary representation at 25%.
- Women hold 28% of managerial positions.
- Women’s parliamentary representation at 25%.
90
**World Happiness Report 2023**
- Finland is the happiest country.
- India ranked 126th, improving from 136th in 2022.
- Below neighboring countries.
- India ranked 126th, improving from 136th in 2022.
- Below neighboring countries.
91
**Hunger Hotspots Report – FAO and World Food Programme**
- Conflicts and climate change worsen food insecurity.
- Agriculture needs 50% more production by 2050.
- Agriculture needs 50% more production by 2050.
92
**Human Development Index Report 2021 (UNDP)**
- India’s HDI rank slipped from 130 to 132.
- HDI value: 0.633.
- Expected years of schooling: 9 years.
- GNI per capita: $6,590.
- HDI value: 0.633.
- Expected years of schooling: 9 years.
- GNI per capita: $6,590.
93
**State of the Global Climate Report 2022 by WMO**
- Global GHGs continue to rise.
- Planet 1.15°C warmer than pre-industrial average.
- Significant sea-level rise and glacier ice loss.
- Planet 1.15°C warmer than pre-industrial average.
- Significant sea-level rise and glacier ice loss.
94
**Emissions Gap Report 2022 by UNEP**
- Falling short of Paris Agreement goals.
- Top emitters account for 55% of global GHG emissions.
- No credible pathway to limit warming to 1.5°C.
- Top emitters account for 55% of global GHG emissions.
- No credible pathway to limit warming to 1.5°C.
95
**Climate Change Performance Index 2023 by Germanwatch**
- India ranked 8th, among top performers in climate change.
- Best among G20 countries.
- Best among G20 countries.
96
-------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
97
**Global Climate Risk Index 2021 by Germanwatch**
- India ranked 7th worst-hit country in 2021 (5th in 2020).
- 2019 floods caused 1,800 deaths, displaced 1.8 million people.
- Economic loss: US $8.1 billion.
- Increased heat waves, glacier melting, and cyclone intensity in India.
- 2019 floods caused 1,800 deaths, displaced 1.8 million people.
- Economic loss: US $8.1 billion.
- Increased heat waves, glacier melting, and cyclone intensity in India.
98
**Glaciers of the Himalayas Report – World Bank**
- Himalayas, Hindu Kush, and Karakoram contain 60,000 km² of ice.
- Black carbon deposits accelerate glacier melting.
- 750 million people rely on glacier-fed rivers.
- 1.5 to 1.7 billion people in South Asia may face water scarcity by 2050.
- Black carbon deposits accelerate glacier melting.
- 750 million people rely on glacier-fed rivers.
- 1.5 to 1.7 billion people in South Asia may face water scarcity by 2050.
99
**State of Climate Services Report 2021 - WMO**
- 43% of WMO Members lack adequate interaction between climate services and users.
- 3 billion people live in water-stressed countries.
- Highest water stress in Northern Africa (109%), Central Asia (80%), Southern Asia (78%).
- A quarter of cities experience perennial water shortages.
- 3 billion people live in water-stressed countries.
- Highest water stress in Northern Africa (109%), Central Asia (80%), Southern Asia (78%).
- A quarter of cities experience perennial water shortages.
100
**World Energy Investment Report 2023 - IEA**
- Clean energy investments exceed fossil fuel investments by 70%.
- $1.7 allocated to clean energy for every $1 spent on fossil fuels.
- 90% of clean energy investment surge is in advanced economies and China.
- $1.7 allocated to clean energy for every $1 spent on fossil fuels.
- 90% of clean energy investment surge is in advanced economies and China.
101
**World Energy Transitions Outlook 2023**
- Global energy transition is off-track for 1.5°C pathway.
- Deployment must grow from 3,000 GW to over 10,000 GW by 2030.
- $1.3 trillion invested in energy transition technologies in 2022; investment needs to exceed $5 trillion annually.
- $44 trillion cumulative investment needed by 2030, with $35 trillion for transition technologies.
- Deployment must grow from 3,000 GW to over 10,000 GW by 2030.
- $1.3 trillion invested in energy transition technologies in 2022; investment needs to exceed $5 trillion annually.
- $44 trillion cumulative investment needed by 2030, with $35 trillion for transition technologies.
102
----------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
103
**Global Energy Review 2022 by IEA**
**Global Scenario:**
- CO2 emissions rose by 6% to 36.3 billion tonnes; 33% from China.
- Renewables generation reached over 8,000 TWh.
- Global methane levels increased by 5% but were lower than pre-pandemic.
- Power plant emissions hit record levels.
**India Specific:**
- Coal use for electricity increased by 13% in 2021.
- India's CO2 emissions in 2021 were 80 Mt above pre-pandemic levels.
- CO2 emissions rose by 6% to 36.3 billion tonnes; 33% from China.
- Renewables generation reached over 8,000 TWh.
- Global methane levels increased by 5% but were lower than pre-pandemic.
- Power plant emissions hit record levels.
**India Specific:**
- Coal use for electricity increased by 13% in 2021.
- India's CO2 emissions in 2021 were 80 Mt above pre-pandemic levels.
104
**Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2022 – IEA**
- Global sales of electric cars rose strongly, with 2 million sold in Q1 2022, up 75% from Q1 2021.
105
**Electricity Market Report 2022 – IEA**
- Increase in electricity demand by 6% in 2021, the steepest since the 2008 crash.
- Shift towards fossil fuels for rising demand.
- Global energy intensity decreased by 1.9%, half the rate needed for net-zero by 2050.
- Shift towards fossil fuels for rising demand.
- Global energy intensity decreased by 1.9%, half the rate needed for net-zero by 2050.
106
**Confronting Carbon Inequality Report 2020 – Oxfam**
- Richest 1% responsible for 15% of cumulative emissions; poorest 50% for 7%.
- Richest 10% account for 46% of emissions growth.
- India's per capita emissions are the lowest among large economies.
- Richest 10% account for 46% of emissions growth.
- India's per capita emissions are the lowest among large economies.
107
**Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report – UNEP and IEA**
- 4 times more cooling appliances expected by 2050.
- Without intervention, cooling emissions could rise 90% above 2017 levels by 2050.
- Without intervention, cooling emissions could rise 90% above 2017 levels by 2050.
108
**Global Report on Internal Displacement 2023**
- 71.1 million people internally displaced across 110 countries.
- Disasters displaced 8.7 million in 88 countries by December 2022.
- Pakistan had the highest number of disaster displacements (8.16 million); India was fourth (2.5 million).
- Disasters displaced 8.7 million in 88 countries by December 2022.
- Pakistan had the highest number of disaster displacements (8.16 million); India was fourth (2.5 million).
109
**SDG Index 2022**
- India ranked 121 out of 193 UN members (117 in 2020, 120 in 2021).
110
**Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 – FAO**
- Global forest area has declined since 1990, losing an area the size of Libya.
- India is among the top 10 countries gaining forest area, managing 2% of global forest area.
- Significant increase in community-managed forest areas in India due to the Joint Forest Management programme.
- India reported maximum forestry sector employment globally.
- India is among the top 10 countries gaining forest area, managing 2% of global forest area.
- Significant increase in community-managed forest areas in India due to the Joint Forest Management programme.
- India reported maximum forestry sector employment globally.
111
**Remote Sensing Survey 2022**
- Net forest losses fell from 6.8 million ha/year (2000-2010) to 3.1 million ha/year (2010-2018).
- Deforestation driven by cropland expansion (50%) and livestock grazing (38.5%).
- South America lost 68 million ha, Africa 49 million ha.
- Annual deforestation decreased by 29% to 7.8 million ha/year.
- Deforestation driven by cropland expansion (50%) and livestock grazing (38.5%).
- South America lost 68 million ha, Africa 49 million ha.
- Annual deforestation decreased by 29% to 7.8 million ha/year.
112
**Global Forest Goals Report 2021 - UN**
- Global gross product fell by 4.3% in 2020.
- 25% of the global population rely on forests for subsistence, livelihoods, employment, and income.
- 25% of the global population rely on forests for subsistence, livelihoods, employment, and income.
113
**WWF Water Risk Filter**
- Nearly a third of the 100 cities at high water risk are in India.
- 17% of the global population and 10% of global GDP are currently in high-water risk regions.
- By 2050, these figures could rise to 51% and 46%, respectively.
- 17% of the global population and 10% of global GDP are currently in high-water risk regions.
- By 2050, these figures could rise to 51% and 46%, respectively.
114
**Global e-Waste Monitor 2020 Report**
- 53.6 million tonnes (MT) of e-waste in 2019, a 21% increase in five years.
- E-waste is expected to rise by 38% from 2020-2030.
- Asia generated the highest e-waste volume, followed by the Americas and Europe.
- Less than 18% of e-waste was recycled in 2019.
- National e-waste policies adopted by 78 countries, including India.
- E-waste is expected to rise by 38% from 2020-2030.
- Asia generated the highest e-waste volume, followed by the Americas and Europe.
- Less than 18% of e-waste was recycled in 2019.
- National e-waste policies adopted by 78 countries, including India.
115
**State of Global Air 2020**
- Long-term exposure to air pollution caused 1.67 million deaths in India in 2019.
- Air pollution is the largest risk factor for death in India.
- India has the highest per capita pollution exposure, followed by Nepal and Niger.
- India had a 17% increase in O3 concentrations over the past decade.
- Air pollution is the largest risk factor for death in India.
- India has the highest per capita pollution exposure, followed by Nepal and Niger.
- India had a 17% increase in O3 concentrations over the past decade.
116
**TRAFFIC Study on Leopards**
- Highest poaching incidents in Uttarakhand and Maharashtra.
- Skin is the most in-demand product, accounting for 69% of seizures.
- Skin is the most in-demand product, accounting for 69% of seizures.
117
**Living Planet Report 2022 – WWF**
- 69% decline in global wildlife populations over the last 50 years.
- 83% decline in freshwater species populations.
- 50% of warm water corals lost; 70-90% loss projected with a 5°C temperature rise.
- 37% of rivers over 1,000 km remain free-flowing.
**India Specific:**
- Himalayan region and Western Ghats are highly vulnerable.
- 137 km of Sundarbans mangrove forest eroded since 1985.
- Decline in honeybees and 17 species of freshwater turtles.
- 83% decline in freshwater species populations.
- 50% of warm water corals lost; 70-90% loss projected with a 5°C temperature rise.
- 37% of rivers over 1,000 km remain free-flowing.
**India Specific:**
- Himalayan region and Western Ghats are highly vulnerable.
- 137 km of Sundarbans mangrove forest eroded since 1985.
- Decline in honeybees and 17 species of freshwater turtles.
118
**Global Biodiversity Outlook-5 Report**
- Over 60% of global coral reefs under threat.
- 66% of fish stocks at biologically sustainable levels in 2017, down from 71% seven years earlier.
- High habitat loss and degradation, particularly in forests and tropical regions.
- Decline in global wetlands and fragmentation of rivers threaten freshwater diversity.
- 66% of fish stocks at biologically sustainable levels in 2017, down from 71% seven years earlier.
- High habitat loss and degradation, particularly in forests and tropical regions.
- Decline in global wetlands and fragmentation of rivers threaten freshwater diversity.
119
**Pure Earth Report by UNICEF**
- Lead poisoning affects 1 in 3 children globally; nearly half in South Asia.
- Over 900,000 premature deaths annually due to lead exposure.
- Lead exposure linked to juvenile delinquency, violence, and crime.
- Over 900,000 premature deaths annually due to lead exposure.
- Lead exposure linked to juvenile delinquency, violence, and crime.
120
**Ecological Threat Register 2021**
- 1.26 billion people across 30 countries face extreme ecological risk and low resilience.
- Most vulnerable regions: Middle East and North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia.
- Over 5.4 billion people expected to live in countries facing extreme water stress by 2040.
- Most vulnerable regions: Middle East and North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia.
- Over 5.4 billion people expected to live in countries facing extreme water stress by 2040.
121
**Children’s Climate Risk Index 2021 – UNICEF**
- South Asian countries, including India, are at high risk from climate crisis impacts.
- Over 600 million Indians may face acute water shortages.
- Flash flooding in urban areas to increase with global temperature rise above 2°C.
- Disconnection between GHG emissions sources and the most affected children.
- Over 600 million Indians may face acute water shortages.
- Flash flooding in urban areas to increase with global temperature rise above 2°C.
- Disconnection between GHG emissions sources and the most affected children.
122
**GAR Special Report Drought 2021**
- Up to 700 million people could be displaced by drought by 2030.
- 2/3 of the world to experience water stress by 2025.
- Drought impacts on women include more work, fewer opportunities, and pay cuts.
- Severe droughts in India have historically affected GDP by 2-5% annually.
- 2/3 of the world to experience water stress by 2025.
- Drought impacts on women include more work, fewer opportunities, and pay cuts.
- Severe droughts in India have historically affected GDP by 2-5% annually.
123
**Physical Climate Risk Assessment for Global Cotton Production Report – Cotton 2040**
- Cotton accounts for 31% of the global textile market, with a $600 billion economic impact.
- Climate change could expose half of global cotton-growing regions, including India, to high risk by 2040.
- All global cotton-growing regions could face increased risk from climate hazards by 2040.
- Climate change could expose half of global cotton-growing regions, including India, to high risk by 2040.
- All global cotton-growing regions could face increased risk from climate hazards by 2040.
124
------------
--------------
125
**Global Energy Review 2022 - IEA**
- CO2 emissions rose by 6% to 36.3 billion tonnes; China responsible for 33% of these emissions.
- Record high generation of renewables exceeding 8,000 TWh.
- Methane levels increased by 5%, but still lower than pre-pandemic levels.
- Power plant emissions at the highest level ever.
- Record high generation of renewables exceeding 8,000 TWh.
- Methane levels increased by 5%, but still lower than pre-pandemic levels.
- Power plant emissions at the highest level ever.
126
**Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2022 - IEA**
- Electric vehicle sales increased by 75% in Q1 2022 compared to 2021.
127
**Electricity Market Report 2022 - IEA**
- Electricity demand increased by 6% in 2021.
- Energy intensity decreased by 1.9% year-on-year, not sufficient to meet net-zero goals by 2050.
- Energy intensity decreased by 1.9% year-on-year, not sufficient to meet net-zero goals by 2050.
128
**Confronting Carbon Inequality Report 2020 - Oxfam**
- Richest 1% contributed 15% of cumulative emissions; poorest 50% contributed 7%.
- India’s per capita emissions are among the lowest of major economies.
- India’s per capita emissions are among the lowest of major economies.
129
**Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report - UNEP and IEA**
- Projected fourfold increase in cooling appliances by 2050, raising emissions significantly.
130
**Global Report on Internal Displacement 2023**
- 71.1 million displaced; 8.7 million due to disasters.
- India fourth largest disaster displacement with 2.5 million people.
- India fourth largest disaster displacement with 2.5 million people.
131
**SDG Index 2022**
- India ranks 121 out of 193 UN members.
132
**Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 - FAO**
- India among top 10 countries gaining forest area due to the Joint Forest Management programme.
133
**Remote Sensing Survey 2022**
- Decreased annual deforestation by 29% from 11 million to 7.8 million hectares per year (2010-2018).
134
**Global Forest Goals Report 2021 - UN**
- 25% of global population relies on forests for various needs.
135
**WWF Water Risk Filter**
- Nearly a third of the world’s most water-risk-susceptible cities are in India.
136
**Global e-Waste Monitor 2020 Report**
- E-waste increased by 21% in five years; Asia generates the most e-waste.
137
**State of Global Air 2020**
- Major health risk in India with high per capita pollution exposure.
138
**TRAFFIC Study on Leopards**
- Highest poaching incidents in Uttarakhand and Maharashtra; skin most in-demand.
139
**Living Planet Report 2022 - WWF**
- 69% decline in wildlife populations globally over 50 years.
140
**Global Biodiversity Outlook-5**
- Over 60% of coral reefs under threat; 66% of fish stocks were at biologically sustainable levels in 2017.
141
**Pure Earth Report by UNICEF**
- Lead poisoning affects about 1 in 3 children, especially in South Asia.
142
**Ecological Threat Register 2021**
- 1.26 billion people facing extreme ecological risk and low resilience.
143
**Children’s Climate Risk Index 2021 - UNICEF**
- Over 600 million Indians expected to face acute water shortages.
144
**GAR Special Report Drought 2021**
- Up to 700 million people at risk of displacement by 2030 due to drought.
145
**Status of the Corals of the World Report - UNEP**
- 14% decline in coral reefs in less than a decade due to climate breakdown.
146
**Atlas of Mortality and Economy Losses from Weather, Climate & Water Extremes - WMO**
- Weather-related disasters increased fivefold in the past 50 years; $3.6 trillion in losses.
147
**Greenhouse Gas Bulletin - WMO**
- Record levels of CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide in 2020.
- CO2 accounted for 80% of radiative forcing increase between 1990-2020.
- CO2 accounted for 80% of radiative forcing increase between 1990-2020.
148
**State of Finance for Nature Report – UNEP, WEF, and Economics of Land Degradation**
- Investments in Nature-based Solutions (NbS) need to increase from $154 billion to $384 billion by 2025.
- Harmful subsidies estimated at $340 billion to $530 billion annually in energy and $500 billion in agriculture.
- Harmful subsidies estimated at $340 billion to $530 billion annually in energy and $500 billion in agriculture.
149
**A Future for All – UNEP and WWF**
- Human-wildlife conflict is a major threat; India has significant human-elephant conflicts.
150
**From Pollution to Solution: A Global Assessment of Marine Litter and Plastic Pollution - UNEP**
- Plastics in oceans estimated at 75-199 million tonnes; could nearly triple by 2040.
- $6-19 billion economic costs in 2018; $100 billion annual financial risk projected by 2040.
- $6-19 billion economic costs in 2018; $100 billion annual financial risk projected by 2040.
151
**Global Methane Assessment Report – UNEP and Climate and Clean Air Coalition**
- Rapid increase in human-caused methane emissions; significant reductions needed in the waste sector to avoid severe climate impacts.
152
**Production Gap Report 2021 - UNEP**
- Production plans exceed climate goals: 240% more coal, 57% more oil, and 71% more gas than required for 1.5°C limit.
153
**State of Cities Climate Finance Report – World Bank**
- Large gaps in urban climate finance needs; $384 billion invested annually, falling short of trillions needed.
- Investment in urban transport was 53% of total urban climate finance.
- Investment in urban transport was 53% of total urban climate finance.
154
**Human Cost of Disasters 2000-2019: UNDRR**
- Natural disasters nearly doubled in the past 20 years; India is the second most affected by floods.
155
**Global Terrorism Index 2023**
- India ranked 13th for terrorism impact; global terrorism deaths fell by 9%.
- IS remains the deadliest terror group.
- IS remains the deadliest terror group.
156
**Synthetic Drugs in East and Southeast Asia - UNODC**
- Increase in seizures of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) in India.
- India is positioned between major illicit opium production regions.
- India is positioned between major illicit opium production regions.
157
**Global Cybersecurity Index 2021 - ITU**
- India ranked 10th globally and 4th in Asia-Pacific for cybersecurity.
158
**UNICEF “Lost at Home” Report**
- 33 million new displacements in 2019; 12 million were children.
- Most displacements due to natural disasters.
- Most displacements due to natural disasters.
159
**Global Threat Assessment Report 2021 - We Protect Global Alliance**
- Increase in online child sexual exploitation and abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- 37% of children use tools to detect online grooming.
- 37% of children use tools to detect online grooming.
160
**Children and Digital Dumpsites Report - WHO**
- Over 18 million children working at e-waste dumpsites face severe health risks.
161
**Report/Index**
**Findings**
162
-------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
163
**Money Laundering and the Illegal Wildlife Trade** - FATF
**Wildlife Trade:**
- Illegal trade generates revenues up to $23 billion annually.
- Criminals misuse legitimate wildlife trade and import-export businesses to hide illegal proceeds.
**Money Laundering:**
- Criminals use the formal financial sector to launder proceeds.
- Innocent victims' accounts are misused and high-value payments are avoided to evade detection.
- Illegal trade generates revenues up to $23 billion annually.
- Criminals misuse legitimate wildlife trade and import-export businesses to hide illegal proceeds.
**Money Laundering:**
- Criminals use the formal financial sector to launder proceeds.
- Innocent victims' accounts are misused and high-value payments are avoided to evade detection.
164
**The World Drug Report 2023** - UN
- 296 million people worldwide used drugs in 2021, a 23% increase over the past decade.
- Synthetic drugs like methamphetamine and fentanyl are dominating illicit markets due to low cost and ease of production.
- Drug use disorder cases surged by 45% in the last decade.
- Only 20% of individuals with drug use disorders received treatment in 2021, with significant regional disparities in access.
- Synthetic drugs like methamphetamine and fentanyl are dominating illicit markets due to low cost and ease of production.
- Drug use disorder cases surged by 45% in the last decade.
- Only 20% of individuals with drug use disorders received treatment in 2021, with significant regional disparities in access.
165
**Global Trends Report 2022** - UNHRC
- 100 million people were displaced in 2021 due to violence, war, food insecurity, human rights abuses, and other emergencies.
- 23.7 million new internal displacements worldwide due to disasters.
- 1 in every 78 people is displaced.
- Largest displacements: China (6 million), Philippines (5.7 million), India (4.9 million).
- 23.7 million new internal displacements worldwide due to disasters.
- 1 in every 78 people is displaced.
- Largest displacements: China (6 million), Philippines (5.7 million), India (4.9 million).
166
**Corruption Perception Index 2022** - Transparency International
- India ranked 85th among 180 countries, unchanged from 2021 with a score of 40.
- Concerns over weakening mechanisms to combat corruption and decaying democratic status.
- Concerns over weakening mechanisms to combat corruption and decaying democratic status.
167
**World Press Freedom Index 2023** - Reporters Without Borders
- India ranked 161 out of 180 countries, slipping 11 ranks from 2022.
- Neighbors ranked better: Bhutan (90), Nepal (95), Sri Lanka (135), Pakistan (150), Afghanistan (152).
- India ranked 169 in political indicators, 144 in legislative, 155 in economic, 143 in social indicators, and 172 in journalist safety.
- Neighbors ranked better: Bhutan (90), Nepal (95), Sri Lanka (135), Pakistan (150), Afghanistan (152).
- India ranked 169 in political indicators, 144 in legislative, 155 in economic, 143 in social indicators, and 172 in journalist safety.
168
**Asian Power Index** - Lowy Institute
- India ranked 4th in the Asia-Pacific region for comprehensive power with a score of 37.7 out of 100.
- India’s overall score declined by 2 points compared to 2020.
- India falls short of the major power threshold and trends downward in its overall score.
- India’s overall score declined by 2 points compared to 2020.
- India falls short of the major power threshold and trends downward in its overall score.
169
**International Religious Freedom 2023**
- India rejected a USCIRF report alleging severe religious freedom violations.
- Concerns about measures impacting critical voices, especially from religious minorities.
- Concerns about measures impacting critical voices, especially from religious minorities.
170
**Global State of Democracy Report 2021**
- India classified as an electoral autocracy, ranked 93rd on the LDI out of 179 countries.
- India is among the top ten ‘autocratisers’ globally.
- India figures in the bottom 50% of countries on the LDI.
- Ranked below Sri Lanka (88), Nepal (71), Bhutan (65), but above Pakistan (117) in South Asia.
- India is among the top ten ‘autocratisers’ globally.
- India figures in the bottom 50% of countries on the LDI.
- Ranked below Sri Lanka (88), Nepal (71), Bhutan (65), but above Pakistan (117) in South Asia.
171
**Remote Learning Reachability**
- Around 463 million children globally could not access remote learning due to school closures.
172
**UNICEF Report**
- 1.5 million schools closed in India, affecting 286 million students (49% girls).
- 24% of households in India have internet access, with significant rural-urban and gender divides.
- Learning gap widening across income levels; disadvantaged students face poor access to technology and education content.
- 24% of households in India have internet access, with significant rural-urban and gender divides.
- Learning gap widening across income levels; disadvantaged students face poor access to technology and education content.
173
**Global Education Monitoring Report 2022** - UNESCO
- 33% of students in India are in private, unaided schools.
- 67,000 of 97,000 new schools since 2014 are private.
- 29,600 unrecognised schools and 500,000 students in unrecognised madrasas.
- Only 46% of adults think the government should primarily handle school education.
- 67,000 of 97,000 new schools since 2014 are private.
- 29,600 unrecognised schools and 500,000 students in unrecognised madrasas.
- Only 46% of adults think the government should primarily handle school education.
174
**Education Finance Watch 2022**
- In 2020, half of the analyzed countries reduced real spending on education.
- Bilateral aid to education fell; households bear a large share of education costs in low-income countries.
- Bilateral aid to education fell; households bear a large share of education costs in low-income countries.
175
**Academic Freedom Index 2023**
- 22 countries, including India, saw a decline in academic freedom over the past decade.
- Only 5 small countries improved their rankings.
- Populous countries like the USA and Mexico also experienced declines.
- Only 5 small countries improved their rankings.
- Populous countries like the USA and Mexico also experienced declines.
176
**Human Freedom Index 2021**
- Top 10 countries: Switzerland, New Zealand, Estonia, Denmark, Ireland, Sweden, Iceland, Finland, Netherlands, Luxembourg.
- India ranked 112th.
- India ranked 112th.
177
**Digital Quality of Life (DQL) Index 2022**
- India ranked 59th.
- China improved to 22nd; Pakistan 97th; Bangladesh 103rd.
- China improved to 22nd; Pakistan 97th; Bangladesh 103rd.
178
**Rule of Law Index 2022** - World Justice Project
**Global:**
- Top-ranked: Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Netherlands.
- Bottom-ranked: Venezuela, Cambodia, Afghanistan, DRC, Haiti.
**India:**
- Ranked 77th out of 140 countries with a score of 50.
- 94th in fundamental rights, 111th in civil justice, 89th in criminal justice, 93rd in absence of corruption.
- Neighbors: Bangladesh (127th), Pakistan (129th), China (95th), Nepal (69th).
- Top-ranked: Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Netherlands.
- Bottom-ranked: Venezuela, Cambodia, Afghanistan, DRC, Haiti.
**India:**
- Ranked 77th out of 140 countries with a score of 50.
- 94th in fundamental rights, 111th in civil justice, 89th in criminal justice, 93rd in absence of corruption.
- Neighbors: Bangladesh (127th), Pakistan (129th), China (95th), Nepal (69th).
179
**Open Budget Initiative and Open Budget Survey**
- India ranked 53rd among 117 nations in budget transparency and accountability.
- Decreased transparency score due to lack of a Pre-Budget Statement and Mid-Year Review.
- Good performance in timely publication and relevant information in audit reports.
- Suggested improvements: Greater public participation in budgeting.
- Decreased transparency score due to lack of a Pre-Budget Statement and Mid-Year Review.
- Good performance in timely publication and relevant information in audit reports.
- Suggested improvements: Greater public participation in budgeting.
180
**Indian Cities in Post-Pandemic World** - WEF
- COVID-19 worsened urban challenges; cities contribute 70% of GDP.
- 25 million urban households (35%) cannot afford market-priced housing.
- Urban poor and migrant workers suffered from income loss and weak social protection.
**Recommendations:**
- Decentralization and local government empowerment.
- Data collection to aid cities.
- Focus on environmental sustainability and inclusivity for women and vulnerable populations.
- 25 million urban households (35%) cannot afford market-priced housing.
- Urban poor and migrant workers suffered from income loss and weak social protection.
**Recommendations:**
- Decentralization and local government empowerment.
- Data collection to aid cities.
- Focus on environmental sustainability and inclusivity for women and vulnerable populations.
181
----------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
182
**Money Laundering and the Illegal Wildlife Trade** (FATF)
- Illegal wildlife trade generates up to $23 billion annually.
- Criminals use legitimate wildlife trade and import-export businesses to launder illegal proceeds.
- Criminals use legitimate wildlife trade and import-export businesses to launder illegal proceeds.
183
**World Drug Report 2023** (UN)
- 296 million people used drugs in 2021, a 23% increase over the past decade.
- Synthetic drugs like methamphetamine and fentanyl are increasingly dominant.
- Drug use disorder cases surged by 45% in the last ten years.
- Only 20% of those with drug use disorders received treatment in 2021.
- Synthetic drugs like methamphetamine and fentanyl are increasingly dominant.
- Drug use disorder cases surged by 45% in the last ten years.
- Only 20% of those with drug use disorders received treatment in 2021.
184
**Global Trends Report 2022** (UNHRC)
- 100 million people were displaced in 2021 due to various crises.
- 23.7 million new internal displacements due to disasters.
- 1 in every 78 people is displaced.
- Largest displacements were in China (6 million), the Philippines (5.7 million), and India (4.9 million).
- 23.7 million new internal displacements due to disasters.
- 1 in every 78 people is displaced.
- Largest displacements were in China (6 million), the Philippines (5.7 million), and India (4.9 million).
185
**Corruption Perception Index 2022** (Transparency International)
- India ranked 85th among 180 countries.
- India's score remained the same at 40 as in 2021.
- Concerns over weakening anti-corruption mechanisms and democratic status.
- India's score remained the same at 40 as in 2021.
- Concerns over weakening anti-corruption mechanisms and democratic status.
186
**World Press Freedom Index 2023** (Reporters Without Borders)
- India is ranked 161 out of 180 countries.
- Press freedom status deteriorated from “problematic” to “very bad.”
- Neighbors rank better: Bhutan (90), Nepal (95), Sri Lanka (135), Pakistan (150), Afghanistan (152).
- Press freedom status deteriorated from “problematic” to “very bad.”
- Neighbors rank better: Bhutan (90), Nepal (95), Sri Lanka (135), Pakistan (150), Afghanistan (152).
187
**Asian Power Index 2022** (Lowy Institute)
- India is 4th most powerful in Asia-Pacific, but its overall score declined by 2 points.
- India falls short of the major power threshold.
- India is one of 18 countries with a downward trend in its overall score.
- India falls short of the major power threshold.
- India is one of 18 countries with a downward trend in its overall score.
188
**International Religious Freedom 2023**
- India rejected USCIRF's report on "severe violations" of religious freedom.
- Concerns raised about impacts on critical voices, particularly religious minorities.
- Concerns raised about impacts on critical voices, particularly religious minorities.
189
**Global State of Democracy Report 2021**
- India classified as an electoral autocracy, ranked 93rd out of 179 countries.
- India is one of the top ten ‘autocratisers’ globally.
- Ranked below Sri Lanka (88), Nepal (71), and Bhutan (65) in South Asia.
- India is one of the top ten ‘autocratisers’ globally.
- Ranked below Sri Lanka (88), Nepal (71), and Bhutan (65) in South Asia.
190
**Remote Learning Reachability**
- A third of the world’s school children (463 million) could not access remote learning due to school closures from COVID-19.
191
**UNICEF Report**
- 1.5 million schools closed in India affecting 286 million students.
- 24% of households in India have internet access, with significant rural-urban and gender divides.
- Learning gaps widen, particularly for economically disadvantaged families.
- 24% of households in India have internet access, with significant rural-urban and gender divides.
- Learning gaps widen, particularly for economically disadvantaged families.
192
**Global Education Monitoring Report 2022** (UNESCO)
- One-third of Indian students are in private schools, many unrecognized.
- 67,000 of 97,000 new schools since 2014 are private.
- 29,600 unrecognized schools educate 3.8 million children.
- Low perceived government responsibility for education.
- 67,000 of 97,000 new schools since 2014 are private.
- 29,600 unrecognized schools educate 3.8 million children.
- Low perceived government responsibility for education.
193
**Education Finance Watch 2022**
- Many countries reduced education spending during COVID-19.
- Bilateral aid to education fell; households bear more education costs in low-income countries.
- Bilateral aid to education fell; households bear more education costs in low-income countries.
194
**Academic Freedom Index 2023**
- Identified 22 countries, including India and China, where academic freedom has significantly declined.
- Few countries improved rankings; populous countries like the USA and Mexico also saw declines.
- Few countries improved rankings; populous countries like the USA and Mexico also saw declines.
195
**Human Freedom Index 2021**
- Top 10 countries include Switzerland, New Zealand, and Estonia.
- India ranks 112th in human freedom.
- India ranks 112th in human freedom.
196
**Digital Quality of Life (DQL) Index 2022**
- India ranks 59th globally.
- China ranks 22nd, Pakistan 97th, and Bangladesh 103rd.
- China ranks 22nd, Pakistan 97th, and Bangladesh 103rd.
197
**Rule of Law Index 2022** (World Justice Project)
- India ranked 77 out of 140 countries.
- Lower rankings in civil justice (111), criminal justice (89), and corruption absence (93).
- Neighboring countries' scores: Bangladesh (127), Pakistan (129), China (95), Nepal (69).
- Lower rankings in civil justice (111), criminal justice (89), and corruption absence (93).
- Neighboring countries' scores: Bangladesh (127), Pakistan (129), China (95), Nepal (69).
198
**Open Budget Initiative & Open Budget Survey**
- India is 53rd out of 117 nations for budget transparency.
- Issues noted with pre-budget statements and mid-year reviews.
- Good performance in publishing audit reports.
- Issues noted with pre-budget statements and mid-year reviews.
- Good performance in publishing audit reports.
199
**Indian Cities in Post-Pandemic World** (WEF)
- COVID-19 exacerbated urban challenges.
- 70% of India's GDP from cities; 25-30 people migrate to cities every minute.
- 25 million urban households cannot afford market-priced housing.
- Vulnerable populations suffered income loss and weak social protection.
- 70% of India's GDP from cities; 25-30 people migrate to cities every minute.
- 25 million urban households cannot afford market-priced housing.
- Vulnerable populations suffered income loss and weak social protection.
200
**Stringency Index**
- India enforced one of the strictest lockdowns early in the pandemic.
201
**Global Youth Development Index 2021**
- India ranks 122nd out of 181 countries.
- Singapore is the top-ranked, followed by Slovenia, Norway, Malta, and Denmark.
- Singapore is the top-ranked, followed by Slovenia, Norway, Malta, and Denmark.
202
**United in Science 2022 Report**
- Greenhouse gas concentrations at record highs.
- To meet Paris Agreement goals, reductions need to be seven times higher.
- Projected global warming of 2.5°C–2.8°C by century end with current policies.
- To meet Paris Agreement goals, reductions need to be seven times higher.
- Projected global warming of 2.5°C–2.8°C by century end with current policies.
203
**Global Innovation Index 2022** (WIPO)
- India ranks 40th out of 132 countries.
- Switzerland leads, followed by the US, Sweden, UK, and Netherlands.
- India leads among lower middle-income countries and in ICT services exports.
- Switzerland leads, followed by the US, Sweden, UK, and Netherlands.
- India leads among lower middle-income countries and in ICT services exports.
204
**Science Report 2021**
- GERD in India stagnant at 0.7% of GDP.
- Decline in government R&D investment.
- Increase in scientific publications and foreign investment in R&D.
- Low research intensity compared to BRICS nations.
- Decline in government R&D investment.
- Increase in scientific publications and foreign investment in R&D.
- Low research intensity compared to BRICS nations.
205
**Averting a Lost Covid Generation**
- COVID-19 led to declines in health and nutrition services.
- Increase in multidimensional poverty among children.
- Recommendations include closing the digital divide and ensuring access to health services and education.
- Increase in multidimensional poverty among children.
- Recommendations include closing the digital divide and ensuring access to health services and education.
206
**Likelihood of Future Pandemics Report**
- Future pandemics expected to be more frequent and damaging.
- COVID-19 is at least the 6th pandemic of the last century.
- COVID-19 is at least the 6th pandemic of the last century.
207
**Global Research on Antimicrobial Resistance (GRAM) Report**
- AMR is a leading cause of death, contributing to a predicted $100.2 trillion loss in global GDP by 2050.
- Over 56,000 newborn deaths in India annually due to resistant infections.
- Over 56,000 newborn deaths in India annually due to resistant infections.
208
**Global Risk Report 2022** (WEF)
- Major risks include failure to address climate change and extreme weather events.
- India experienced extreme weather on 291 of 334 days in 2022.
- India experienced extreme weather on 291 of 334 days in 2022.
209
**World Giving Index 2021**
- India ranks 14th among 114 countries for generosity.
- Indonesia is the most generous nation.
- Indonesia is the most generous nation.
210
**Global Drug Policy Index 2021**
- India ranks 18th out of 30 countries with a score of 46/100.
- Limited civil society participation in drug policy processes.
- Limited civil society participation in drug policy processes.
