Curved Gram-Negative Bacilli and Oxidase-Positive Fermenters

Question 1

What is the habitat of the Vibrio genera?

Answer 1

Fresh, marine, and salt water

Question 2

What are the general characteristics of Vibrio?

Answer 2

Catalase positive, oxidase positive, glucose fermenters, growth on MacConkey

Question 3

Where is Vibrio parahaemolyticus an endemic

Answer 3

Japan

Question 4

How is Vibrio parahaemolyticus transmitted?

Answer 4

From ingesting raw or undercooked seafood, specifically shellfish and fish

Question 5

What is the gram stain of Vibrio?

Answer 5

Curved, gram negative bacillus.

Question 6

What is the colony morphology of Vibrio? What agars does it grow well on?

Answer 6

Grows well on BAP, MacConkey, and Chocolate agars; Large colonies, greenish hue

Question 7

What is the selective, differential media for Vibrio?

Answer 7

Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS) agar

Question 8

What is the appropriate primary isolation media for Vibrio?

Answer 8

Cary-Blair media for specimens

Question 9

What are the symptoms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus most similar to? Is it self-clearing

Answer 9

Shigella dysentery; Yes

Question 10

What does Vibrio cholera cause?

Answer 10

Cholera

Question 11

How many cholera pandemics has the word seen since 1817?

Answer 11

7 !!!

Question 12

In which regions is Vibrio cholera an endemic?

Answer 12

India, Bangladesh, Africa, and Philipines

Question 13

What is the mode of transmission for Vibrio cholera?

Answer 13

Contaminated food or water

Question 14

What is the hallmark symptom of Vibrio cholera?

Answer 14

“Rice water” stool

Question 15

What is responsible for the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of Vibrio cholera?

Answer 15

The CT-protein complex (Cholera toxin)

Question 16

What is the string test? Which organism is it used to ID?

Answer 16

A test to ID Vibrio cholera, using Na-deoxycholate (bile) to lyse bacteria and release DNA that can be pulled up like a string

Question 17

Which species of Vibrio requires salt for growth?

Answer 17

Vibrio parahemolyticus

Question 18

What is the habitat of Aeromonas?

Answer 18

Fresh water and sea water (sink taps, drainpipes, DI H2O taps); Infects fish and reptiles

Question 19

What is the gram stain of Aeromonas hydrophila?

Answer 19

Small GNB

Question 20

What is the colony morphology of Aeromonas hydrophila?

Answer 20

Beta hemolysis on BAP

Question 21

What is one of the distinguishing factors of Aeromonas hydrophilis?

Answer 21

It is DNase positive

Question 22

What is the habitat of Pleisomonas shigelloides?

Answer 22

Surface H2O of tropical and subtropical areas; Reptiles and amphibians

Question 23

What is the mode of transmission for Pleisomonas shigelloides?

Answer 23

Hand to mouth; eating contaminated shellfish

Question 24

Does Pleisomonas shigelloides produce an enterotoxin?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Is Pleisomonas shigelloides rarely or commonly recovered?

Answer 25

Rarely

Question 26

What is the colony morphology of Pleisomonas shigelloides?

Answer 26

Non hemolytic on BAP

Question 27

What is the gram stain of Pleisomonas shigelloides?

Answer 27

Small GNBs

Question 28

What is the habitat of Campylobacter?

Answer 28

Worldwide, seen in domestic animals (normal flora in chicken and turkeys)

Question 29

What is the mode of transmission for Campylobacter?

Answer 29

Ingestion of raw milk, uncooked poultry, or contaminated water

Question 30

What are the special growth requirements for Campylobacter?

Answer 30

41-42C temp and special air requirements (85% N2, 10% CO2, and 5% O2)

Question 31

What is the selective recovery media for Campylobacter?

Answer 31

Campy CVA agar

Question 32

What is the hallmark symptom of Campylobacter?

Answer 32

Diarrhea with RBCs and WBCs

Question 33

What is the gram stain of Campylobacter jejuni?

Answer 33

Gull shaped, cuved or "S" shaped GNBs

Question 34

What is the colony morphology of Campylobacter?

Answer 34

Flat, moist, spready

Question 35

What is the distinguishing biochemical test for Campylobacter jejuni?

Answer 35

Hippurate hydrolysis positive

Question 36

What is the habitat of Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 36

The epithelial cells in stomach, can withstand the pH of the stomach

Question 37

What is the mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 37

Contact with contaminated saliva and fresh ground water

Question 38

What disease does Helicobacter pylori cause?

Answer 38

Peptic ulcers, increases risk of cancer

Question 39

How do you recover Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 39

Brucella agar

Question 40

What is the colony morphology of Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 40

Small, pinpoint colonies

Question 41

What is the gram stain for Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 41

Spiral shaped GNB

Question 42

What is the distinguishing biochemical test for Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 42

Urease positive; rapid urea positive tests can be done (balloon test and card test)

Question 43

What does a stool antigen test tell you about a patient suspected to have Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 43

Whether they have a current infection

Question 44

What does a serum antibody test tell you about a patient suspected to have Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 44

Whether they have a current or past infection (cannot differentiate)