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MLS Microbiology > Nonfermtatentive Gram Negative Bacilli > Flashcards

Nonfermtatentive Gram Negative Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

What do all of these organisms have in common?

A

They do not ferment glucose or lactose

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2
Q

How are these organisms ID’d?

A

By testing their ability to oxidize different sugars

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3
Q

In the O/F Carbohydrate test what do the colors indicate?

A

Yellow indicates acid production and green indicates no acid production

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4
Q

What indicates a positive result for LDC/ADH test?

A

Deeper purple color than starting color

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5
Q

What is the number one isolated non-fermenter in clinical specimens?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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6
Q

What is the habitat for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Widely distributed; Can be found in environment, hospitals, hot tubs, etc.

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7
Q

How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa tranmitted

A

Exposure to contaminated food/water, medical devices/solutions and penetrating wounds

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8
Q

What is the clinical significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Nosocomial infections (patient to patient via staff or medical devices) and community acquired (cystic fibrosis patients at high risk)

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9
Q

What is the colony morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Shiny “mermaid scales” and beta hemolytic on blood agar; Green on MacConkey; Has grape or old tortilla chip smell

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10
Q

What is the pigment called that is unique to Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Pyocyanin

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11
Q

What is the pigment called that is green fluorescent?

A

Pyoverdin

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12
Q

What is the pigment called that is reddish brown?

A

Pyorubin

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13
Q

What is the pigment called that is brown/black?

A

Pyomelanin

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14
Q

What is the habitat of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?

A

Environmental; Associated with HA infections

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15
Q

What is the route of transmission of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?

A

Exposure to medical devices and solutions

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16
Q

What is the clinical significance of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?

A

Rare opportunistic pathogen, bacteremia from transfused blood, UTIs and wound infections

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17
Q

What is the colony morphology of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?

A

No distinct appearance on BAP, Produces pyoverdin (fluorescent green pigment)

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18
Q

What is the key reactions used to distinguish between Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida? What are the results?

A

Gelatin (Pseudomonas fluorescens is positive for gelatinase)

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19
Q

What is the habitat of Pseudomonas stutzeri?

A

It is found commonly in baby formula, hospital equipment and cosmetics.

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20
Q

How is Pseudomonas stutzeri transmitted?

A

Exposure to contaminated devices/solutions

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21
Q

What is the clinical significance of Pseudomonas stutzeri?

A

Uncommon cause of infection, rarely associated with otitis media, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and wounds

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22
Q

What is the colony morphology for Pseudomonas stutzeri?

A

Wrinkled, light yellow or brown on BAP, Non-fluorescent Psuedomonad

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23
Q

What is the habitat of Burkholderia mallei?

A

It is the causative agent of GLANDERS in horses, mules and donkeys - results in septicemia and death of the animal

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24
Q

How is Burkholderia mallei transmitted?

A

It is zoonotic and is transmitted through close contact with infected animals/ mucous membranes or breaks in skin

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25
Q

What is the clinical significance of Burkholderia mallei?

A

It can cause supperative skin infections, pulmonary infections, septicemia and was used for biowarfare in WWI

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26
Q

What is the colony morphology of Burkholderia mallei?

A

Smooth, grey and translucent on BAP, variable growth on MAC

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27
Q

What is the gram stain of Burkholderia mallei?

A

Small, straight or slightly curved GNCB with rounded ends

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28
Q

What is the habitat of Burkholderia pseudomallei?

A

Soul and stagnant water primarily in Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Northern Australia

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29
Q

How is Burkholderia pseudomallei transmitted?

A

Through inhalation of dust and direct contact through breaks in the skin

30
Q

What is the clinical significance of Burkholderia pseudomallei?

A

Meliodosis - septicemia, metastatic lesions, TB-like pneumonia, chronic cellulitis; Can be used as bioterrorism agent

31
Q

What is the colony morphology of Burkholderia pseudomallei?

A

Round, wrinkled, bright orange to cream on BAP

32
Q

What is Burkholderia cepacia complex?

A

A complex of 10 genomovars

33
Q

What is the habitat of Burkholderia cepacia complex?

A

Water sources - detergent solutions and IV fluids

34
Q

How is Burkholderia cepacia complex transmitted?

A

It is an opportunistic pathogen, cystic fibrosis patients are at risk, also a nosocomial infection

35
Q

What is the clinical significance of Burkholderia cepacia complex?

A

Foot rot, septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, UTI, respiratory infections - can be life threatening and may have intrinsic resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents

36
Q

What is the colony morphology of Burkholderia cepacia complex?

A

Yellow, non-fluorescing pigment

- some isolates can be dark pink to red on MAC due to oxidation of lactose

37
Q

What is the selective media for Burkholderia cepacia complex?

A

PC (Ps. cepacia) agar - inhibits PSA and colonies look bright pink to red

OFPBL - inhibits most microbes, shows oxidation of lactose

38
Q

What is the habitat of Alcaligenes faecalis?

A

Environment - water or soil

Hospital - respirators, hemodialysis systems, IV solutions

39
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Alcaligenes faecalis?

A

Contaminated medical devices

40
Q

What is the clinical significance of Alcaligenes faecalis?

A

Opportunistic pathogen, often a contaminant

41
Q

What is the key test used to ID Alcaligenes faecalis?

A

It is asaccharolytic

42
Q

What is the habitat of Achromobacter xylosoxidans?

A

Nosocomial infections and found in water

43
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Achromobacter xylosoxidans?

A

Exposure to contaminated fluids, soaps, and disinfectants

44
Q

What is the clinical significance of Achromobacter xylosoxidans?

A

It may cause opportunistic infections, could be serious for patients with underlying disease

45
Q

What is the colony morphology of Achromobacter xylosoxidans?

A

Non-pigmented on BAP

46
Q

What is the key test to ID Achromobacter xylosoxidans?

A

Xylose oxidation

47
Q

What is the habitat of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica?

A

Environment, food and water sources

48
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Elizabethkingia meningoseptica?

A

Exposure to contaminated medical devices/solutions, can colonize URT

49
Q

What is the clinical significance of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica?

A

Meningitis and septicemia in newborns; Pneumonia, endocarditis, bacteremia, and meningitis in adults

50
Q

What is the colony morphology of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica?

A

Yellow pigment, lavender green discoloration in BAP, may have fruity/ green apple scent, grows poorly on MAC

51
Q

What is the habitat for Stenotrophomonas maltophila?

A

Tap water, salads, and colonization of hospitalized patients

52
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Stenotrophomonas maltophila?

A

Use of medical devices - IV or urinary catheters

53
Q

What is the clinical significance of Stenotrophomonas maltophila?

A

Can be recovered from every body site, primary pneumonia and opportunistic infection, intrinsic resistance to most commonly used antibiotics

54
Q

What is the colony morphology of Stenotrophomonas maltophila?

A

Greenish discoloration of agar on BAP, pale yellow, lavender-green, has strong ammonia odor

55
Q

What is the key test used to ID Stenotrophomonas maltophila?

A

Maltose oxidation

56
Q

What is the habitat of Acinetobacter sp?

A

Widely dispersed, can live in inanimate objects for extended periods of time, able to survive most dry and moist surfaces

57
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Acinetobacter sp?

A

Colonization of hospitalized patients through medical devices

58
Q

What is the clinical significance of Acinetobacter sp?

A

HA pneumonia, genitourinary infections, wound/soft tissue infections, and bacteremia

59
Q

What are the two species of Acinetobacter?

A

A. baumannii and A. lwoffi

60
Q

What is the colony morphology of Acinetobacter sp?

A

Smells like rotten pumpkins, has mauve colonies at 24-48 hours, A baumannii oxidizes lactose on MAC, Grey to white on BAP

61
Q

What is the key test to differentiate A. baumannii and A. lwoffi?

A

A. lwoffi is asaccharolytic

62
Q

What is the habitat of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans?

A

Found in water, specifically Japanese rice paddies, hospital drains and respiratory therapy equipment

63
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans?

A

Exposure to contaminated fluids and medical equipment

64
Q

What is the clinical significance of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans?

A

Catheter-associated infections, bacteremia, wound infection, pneumonia, and UTIs

65
Q

What is the colony morphology of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans?

A

Rough, wrinkled, yellow colonies, non-fluorescent pseudomonad

66
Q

What is the habitat of Moraxella spp.?

A

Mucous membranes of humans and animals. specifically URT

67
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Moraxella spp.?

A

Opportunistic infections and dog bites

68
Q

What is the clinical significance of Moraxella spp.?

A

Conjunctivitis/keratitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, endocarditis, and septicemia

69
Q

What is the colony morphology of Moraxella spp.?

A

Pinpoint, may grow slowly on MAC

70
Q

What is the gram stain of Moraxella spp.?

A

Tiny, plump, GNCB

71
Q

What is the clinical significance of Oligella species?

A

They may cause UTIs and septicemia in women

72
Q

What is the test used to differentiate the two Oligella species?

A

Urea (ureolytical is positive and urethralis is negative)

MLS Microbiology (15 decks)

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