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MLS Microbiology > Nonfermtatentive Gram Negative Bacilli > Flashcards

Nonfermtatentive Gram Negative Bacilli Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What do all of these organisms have in common?

A

They do not ferment glucose or lactose

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2
Q

How are these organisms ID’d?

A

By testing their ability to oxidize different sugars

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3
Q

In the O/F Carbohydrate test what do the colors indicate?

A

Yellow indicates acid production and green indicates no acid production

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4
Q

What indicates a positive result for LDC/ADH test?

A

Deeper purple color than starting color

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5
Q

What is the number one isolated non-fermenter in clinical specimens?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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6
Q

What is the habitat for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Widely distributed; Can be found in environment, hospitals, hot tubs, etc.

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7
Q

How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa tranmitted

A

Exposure to contaminated food/water, medical devices/solutions and penetrating wounds

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8
Q

What is the clinical significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Nosocomial infections (patient to patient via staff or medical devices) and community acquired (cystic fibrosis patients at high risk)

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9
Q

What is the colony morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Shiny “mermaid scales” and beta hemolytic on blood agar; Green on MacConkey; Has grape or old tortilla chip smell

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10
Q

What is the pigment called that is unique to Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Pyocyanin

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11
Q

What is the pigment called that is green fluorescent?

A

Pyoverdin

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12
Q

What is the pigment called that is reddish brown?

A

Pyorubin

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13
Q

What is the pigment called that is brown/black?

A

Pyomelanin

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14
Q

What is the habitat of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?

A

Environmental; Associated with HA infections

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15
Q

What is the route of transmission of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?

A

Exposure to medical devices and solutions

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16
Q

What is the clinical significance of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?

A

Rare opportunistic pathogen, bacteremia from transfused blood, UTIs and wound infections

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17
Q

What is the colony morphology of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?

A

No distinct appearance on BAP, Produces pyoverdin (fluorescent green pigment)

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18
Q

What is the key reactions used to distinguish between Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida? What are the results?

A

Gelatin (Pseudomonas fluorescens is positive for gelatinase)

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19
Q

What is the habitat of Pseudomonas stutzeri?

A

It is found commonly in baby formula, hospital equipment and cosmetics.

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20
Q

How is Pseudomonas stutzeri transmitted?

A

Exposure to contaminated devices/solutions

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21
Q

What is the clinical significance of Pseudomonas stutzeri?

A

Uncommon cause of infection, rarely associated with otitis media, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and wounds

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22
Q

What is the colony morphology for Pseudomonas stutzeri?

A

Wrinkled, light yellow or brown on BAP, Non-fluorescent Psuedomonad

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23
Q

What is the habitat of Burkholderia mallei?

A

It is the causative agent of GLANDERS in horses, mules and donkeys - results in septicemia and death of the animal

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24
Q

How is Burkholderia mallei transmitted?

A

It is zoonotic and is transmitted through close contact with infected animals/ mucous membranes or breaks in skin

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25
What is the clinical significance of Burkholderia mallei?
It can cause supperative skin infections, pulmonary infections, septicemia and was used for biowarfare in WWI
26
What is the colony morphology of Burkholderia mallei?
Smooth, grey and translucent on BAP, variable growth on MAC
27
What is the gram stain of Burkholderia mallei?
Small, straight or slightly curved GNCB with rounded ends
28
What is the habitat of Burkholderia pseudomallei?
Soul and stagnant water primarily in Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Northern Australia
29
How is Burkholderia pseudomallei transmitted?
Through inhalation of dust and direct contact through breaks in the skin
30
What is the clinical significance of Burkholderia pseudomallei?
Meliodosis - septicemia, metastatic lesions, TB-like pneumonia, chronic cellulitis; Can be used as bioterrorism agent
31
What is the colony morphology of Burkholderia pseudomallei?
Round, wrinkled, bright orange to cream on BAP
32
What is Burkholderia cepacia complex?
A complex of 10 genomovars
33
What is the habitat of Burkholderia cepacia complex?
Water sources - detergent solutions and IV fluids
34
How is Burkholderia cepacia complex transmitted?
It is an opportunistic pathogen, cystic fibrosis patients are at risk, also a nosocomial infection
35
What is the clinical significance of Burkholderia cepacia complex?
Foot rot, septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, UTI, respiratory infections - can be life threatening and may have intrinsic resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents
36
What is the colony morphology of Burkholderia cepacia complex?
Yellow, non-fluorescing pigment | - some isolates can be dark pink to red on MAC due to oxidation of lactose
37
What is the selective media for Burkholderia cepacia complex?
PC (Ps. cepacia) agar - inhibits PSA and colonies look bright pink to red OFPBL - inhibits most microbes, shows oxidation of lactose
38
What is the habitat of Alcaligenes faecalis?
Environment - water or soil | Hospital - respirators, hemodialysis systems, IV solutions
39
What is the mode of transmission for Alcaligenes faecalis?
Contaminated medical devices
40
What is the clinical significance of Alcaligenes faecalis?
Opportunistic pathogen, often a contaminant
41
What is the key test used to ID Alcaligenes faecalis?
It is asaccharolytic
42
What is the habitat of Achromobacter xylosoxidans?
Nosocomial infections and found in water
43
What is the mode of transmission for Achromobacter xylosoxidans?
Exposure to contaminated fluids, soaps, and disinfectants
44
What is the clinical significance of Achromobacter xylosoxidans?
It may cause opportunistic infections, could be serious for patients with underlying disease
45
What is the colony morphology of Achromobacter xylosoxidans?
Non-pigmented on BAP
46
What is the key test to ID Achromobacter xylosoxidans?
Xylose oxidation
47
What is the habitat of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica?
Environment, food and water sources
48
What is the mode of transmission for Elizabethkingia meningoseptica?
Exposure to contaminated medical devices/solutions, can colonize URT
49
What is the clinical significance of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica?
Meningitis and septicemia in newborns; Pneumonia, endocarditis, bacteremia, and meningitis in adults
50
What is the colony morphology of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica?
Yellow pigment, lavender green discoloration in BAP, may have fruity/ green apple scent, grows poorly on MAC
51
What is the habitat for Stenotrophomonas maltophila?
Tap water, salads, and colonization of hospitalized patients
52
What is the mode of transmission for Stenotrophomonas maltophila?
Use of medical devices - IV or urinary catheters
53
What is the clinical significance of Stenotrophomonas maltophila?
Can be recovered from every body site, primary pneumonia and opportunistic infection, intrinsic resistance to most commonly used antibiotics
54
What is the colony morphology of Stenotrophomonas maltophila?
Greenish discoloration of agar on BAP, pale yellow, lavender-green, has strong ammonia odor
55
What is the key test used to ID Stenotrophomonas maltophila?
Maltose oxidation
56
What is the habitat of Acinetobacter sp?
Widely dispersed, can live in inanimate objects for extended periods of time, able to survive most dry and moist surfaces
57
What is the mode of transmission for Acinetobacter sp?
Colonization of hospitalized patients through medical devices
58
What is the clinical significance of Acinetobacter sp?
HA pneumonia, genitourinary infections, wound/soft tissue infections, and bacteremia
59
What are the two species of Acinetobacter?
A. baumannii and A. lwoffi
60
What is the colony morphology of Acinetobacter sp?
Smells like rotten pumpkins, has mauve colonies at 24-48 hours, A baumannii oxidizes lactose on MAC, Grey to white on BAP
61
What is the key test to differentiate A. baumannii and A. lwoffi?
A. lwoffi is asaccharolytic
62
What is the habitat of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans?
Found in water, specifically Japanese rice paddies, hospital drains and respiratory therapy equipment
63
What is the mode of transmission of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans?
Exposure to contaminated fluids and medical equipment
64
What is the clinical significance of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans?
Catheter-associated infections, bacteremia, wound infection, pneumonia, and UTIs
65
What is the colony morphology of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans?
Rough, wrinkled, yellow colonies, non-fluorescent pseudomonad
66
What is the habitat of Moraxella spp.?
Mucous membranes of humans and animals. specifically URT
67
What is the mode of transmission of Moraxella spp.?
Opportunistic infections and dog bites
68
What is the clinical significance of Moraxella spp.?
Conjunctivitis/keratitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, endocarditis, and septicemia
69
What is the colony morphology of Moraxella spp.?
Pinpoint, may grow slowly on MAC
70
What is the gram stain of Moraxella spp.?
Tiny, plump, GNCB
71
What is the clinical significance of Oligella species?
They may cause UTIs and septicemia in women
72
What is the test used to differentiate the two Oligella species?
Urea (ureolytical is positive and urethralis is negative)

MLS Microbiology (15 decks)

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