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Phase 2 PEDs > Cutaneous Exanthems > Flashcards

Cutaneous Exanthems Flashcards

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1
Q

Rubeola is AKA?

A

Measles

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2
Q

Rubella is AKA?

A

German measles

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3
Q

Roseola is AKA?

A 
6th disease (fever before rash)
Exanthem subitum
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4
Q

5th Dz is AKA?

A

Erythema infectiosum

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5
Q

Varicella is AKA?

A

Chicken pox

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6
Q

6 different cutaneous exanthems?

A 
Rubeola
Rubella
Roseola
5th Dz 
Varicella
Hand/foot/mouth disease
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7
Q

Rubeola etiology/epidemiology?

A

Highly contagious
RNA paramyxovirus
URI and regional lymph nodes
Systemic spread

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8
Q

Rubeola incubation time?

A

8-14d

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9
Q

Rubeola is infectious when?

A

5d before RASH and 4 days after

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10
Q

Rubeola is transmitted via?

A

Respiratory secretions,
Blood,
Urine

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11
Q

Rare in young infants <1yr due to?

A

Maternal antibodies

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12
Q

Rubeola presents as?

A

Rash-exanthem
High fever 104-105
Classic S/S ( Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis)
Koplik spots (lower molars - gray-white spots)
Cervical/Mesenteric LAD
Splenomegaly

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13
Q

Rubeola Rash-exanthem begins when/where/how?

A

2-5d after fever
On head > most of body over 24hrs
(rash fades same way - Rash extent = severity)

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14
Q

Rubeola Rash appearance?

A

Macular rash - petechial or hemorrhagic

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15
Q

Infants w/ Rubeola w/ have what presentation also?

A

AOM, Pneumonia, Diarrhea

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16
Q

WBC level of rubeola pt is?

A

Leukopenia

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17
Q

Dx of rubeola?

A

Clinical

PCR or IgM ABs

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18
Q

PEDs MC complication of measles is?

A

AOM

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19
Q

TXT of rubeola?

A

Supportive - fluids/APAP
Vit A for 2days
TXT complications

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20
Q

Rubeola Prevention?

A

Vaccine (MMR)

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21
Q

Rubeola prophylaxis available? If so when?

A

Measles vaccine w/in 72hr of exposure

Immunoglobin w/in 6d of exposure

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22
Q

Rubella etiology/epidemiology?

A

Togavirus - Single strand RNA

Unvaccinated populations in spring

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23
Q

Maternal antibodies protect infant for how long against Rubella?

A

6mo

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24
Q

Rubella incubation period?

A

14-21d

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25
Rubella transmitted via?
Direct contact or droplets from nasopharyngeal secretions
26
Rubella pahtophys?
Invades respiratory epithelium > | Virus spreads through blood
27
Rubella most infectious when?
2d before RASH 5-7 after | - virus will be present 7d before RASH 14d after
28
Rubella presents as?
``` Rash Low fever, HA LAD - post auricular/cervical/occipital Mild sore throat, Conjunctivitis Anorexia, malaise, Polyarthritis (hands) Forschheimer spots ```
29
Rubella Rash-exanthem begins when/where/how?
Begins on face and spreads to the body that lasts 3 days.
30
Rubella rash appearance?
Red, maculopapular, discrete rash
31
Forschheimer spots are?
Rose-colored spots on palate indicting Rubella
32
Complications of Rubella typically occur when/where/what?
In-utero - Blueberry muffin baby - Deaf, Cataracts, CHD - Sheds virus in NP secretion up to >12mo after birth
33
PVT of Rubella include?
Vaccine
34
Erythema infectiosum (5th) etiology/epidemiology?
Parvovirus B19 (single strand DNA) High affinity for RBC stem cells Spring time epidemics
35
Erythema infectiosum transmitted via?
Respiratory secretions | Blood products during transfusions
36
Erythema infectiosum pathophys?
Invades RBC progenitors and divides > Cell death of RBC progenitors > Erythroid aplasia
37
Erythema infectiosum during pregnancy complication to baby?
Fetal anemia or hydrops fetalis
38
Erythema infectiosum ass/w SCA, spherocytosis, thalassemia will cause?
Hemolytic anemias + 5th dz = Aplastic crisis
39
Erythema infectiosum incubation?
4-14d (rare 21d)
40
Erythema infectiosum presents as?
Mild nonspecific illness - fever, malaise, myalgia, HA Rash (Adolescent may have pharyngitis, coryza, GI upset.)
41
Erythema infectiosum rash process?
1. Slapped cheek w/ circumoral pallor around mouth 2. Red, Symmetric, maculopapular truncal rash (1-4d) 3. Rash fades > lacy/reticular lasting 2-40d and is pruritic, no desquamination.
42
Erythema infectiosum rash stage 3 reoccurs if?
Exercise, bath, rubbing, stress
43
Dx of Erythema infectiosum occurs?
Clinically IgM ABs PCR
44
TXT of Erythema infectiosum?
Supportive - fluids/APAP | IV IG for - x-imm or severe anemia/chronic infection
45
Erythema infectiosum greatest risk is to?
Pregnant women
46
Exanthem subitem 6th dz (rose) etiology/epidemiology?
HHV 6 and 7 | LRG double strand DNA
47
Maternal antibodies protect child from Exanthem subitem for how long?
6mo
48
Exanthem subitem presents as?
``` Rash Sudden onset High fever lasting 3-5d URI S/S - congestion, Red TMs, cough GI symptoms 33% febrile seizures ```
49
Rash lasts how long?
1-3d
50
Dx of Exanthem subitem?
Clinical | Sudden high fever 3-5d followed by rash then defervescence
51
Hand, foot, mouth dz is due to
Coxsackie A virus via A2M transmission
52
Hand, foot, mouth dz incubation?
3-5d
53
Hand, foot, mouth dz presents w/
``` Rash Mouth pain Sore throat Refuse to eat/drink > anorexia +- fever, fussy, abd pain, N/V/D ```
54
Hand, foot, mouth dz rash presents as?
Oral ulcers Vesiculopustular rash on hands/feet (+- diaper/thigh) - palms/soles too
55
When can Hand, foot, mouth dz pts go back to school?
2-3d after fever resolves
56
TXT of Hand, foot, mouth dz?
Supportive
57
Hand, foot, mouth dz can last how long?
10-14d
58
Hand, foot, mouth dz is infectious how long?
Sheds 6w - 3mo after infection
59
Varicella etiology and epidemiology?
Varicella-zoster virus (Double strand icosahedral DNA) Primary infection = Chickenpox (Varicella) 2ndy infection = Shingles (Zoster) - latent Highly infectious Late/winter spring
60
Varicella is infectious until?
2 days before RASH onset 7 days after onset
61
Varicella is contagious until?
All lesions are crusted
62
Peak age range of Varicella?
10-14yo - vaccinated
63
Varicella transmits via?
Direct contact, droplet, airborne into conjunctivae or respiratory tract
64
Varicella incubation is?
14-16d
65
Varicella presents as?
Prodrome (Fever, malaise, anorexia) - 1 day before rash
66
Varicella rash spreads how?
Begins on trunk and spreads to head, face, extremities | W/ all lesion stages present
67
Varicella rash characteristics?
Pruritic - +- in mucosa membranes SML red papules - non-umbilicated, oval, teardrop vesicles on red base. Fluid progresses clear to cloudy
68
Varicella rash progression?
Small red papules > | Vesicles ulcerate, crust, heal
69
Cycle of varicella New Lesion crops occurs how often?
Q/3-4d
70
Varicella TXT?
Symptomatic - (antipyretics, cool bath, hygiene) | NO Rx unless severe
71
Severe Varicella may be TXT w/?
Acyclovir or Valacyclovir
72
Varicella complications?
MC = 2ndy infection of skin lesions (staph/strep) Pneumonia Reye syndrome Neuro/Cardiac/Arthritis etc.
73
Neonatal Varicella is?
Mothers w/ varicella (not shingles) can pass to infant.
74
When does neonatal Varicella occur?
5d before to 2d after delivery
75
How to TXT neonatal Varicella?
VZIG (Varicella-zoster IG)
76
Varicella and Zoster are not SL diseases T/F?
False
77
Varicella OR Zoster leads to more scarring?
Zoster (deeper in tissue)
78
When should PEDs return to school if they have Zoster?
After ALL vesicles crusted
79
Admitted PED w/ Varicella requires what?
Negative pressure room to PVT transmission
80
Varicella vaccinations req?
Live attenuated virus (x2 doses)
81
Varicella prophylaxis?
VZIG w/in 96h
82
V-Zoster is what?
Recurrence of latent VZV
83
V-Zoster presents as?
Unilateral Dermatomal distro Rash (trunk) - Regional LAD - Acute neuritis (pain/TTP) Fever/Malaise
84
V-Zoster rash appearance?
Group of lesions for 1-7d > crusts
85
What nerve branch can be involved w/ V-Zoster?
CN V - Corneal/intraoral lesions | CN VII - Facial paralysis/ear canal vesicles
86
CN VII V-Zoster is AKA?
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
87
Complication of V-Zoster w/ pain persisting longer than 1 month is called?
Post-herpetic neuralgia

Phase 2 PEDs (23 decks)

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