Cutaneous fungi Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
two types of cutaneous fungi
A
- Dermatophytoses
- Dermatomycoses
2
Q
“Plants on the skin”
A
Dermatophytoses
3
Q
Infection involves the skin, hair and nails
A
Dermatophytoses
4
Q
Fungal diseases caused by a group of fungal organisms other thandermatophytes
A
Dermatomycoses
5
Q
Infections involve only the skin
A
Dermatomycoses
6
Q
Three classifications of dermatophytes
A
Epidermophyton
Microsporum
Trichophyton
7
Q
attacks skin and nails
A
Epidermophyton
8
Q
attacks Hair, skin
A
Microsporum
9
Q
attacks hair, skin, and nails
A
Trichophyton
10
Q
fungus that invades the keratinized portions of the hair, skin, hair and nails
*keratin as a nitrogen source
A
Dermatophytes
11
Q
has no microconidia
A
Epidermophyton
12
Q
has few microconidia
A
Microsporum
13
Q
has many microconidia
A
Trichophyton
14
Q
macroconidia: Smooth, thin walls; sparse in number
A
Epidermophyton
15
Q
macroconidia: Thick, rough walls; many present
A
Microsporum
16
Q
macroconidia: Smooth thin walls; relatively few present
A
Trichophyton
17
Q
CLASSIFICATION OF DERMATOPHYTES BY ORIGIN
A
anthrophilic (people)
geophilic (soil)
zoophilic (animals)
18
Q
few conidia in culture
A
anthrophilic
19
Q
most number of conidia in culture
A
geophilic
20
Q
moderate number of conidia in culture
A
zoophilic
21
Q
Anthropophilic/ Zoophilic/Geophilic
Microsporum gypseum
A
Geophilic
22
Q
Anthropophilic/ Zoophilic/Geophilic
Microsporum canis
A
Zoophilic
23
Q
Anthropophilic/ Zoophilic/Geophilic
Trichophyton vanbreuseghenii
A
Geophilic
24
Q
Anthropophilic/ Zoophilic/Geophilic
T. mentagrophytes complex (granular isolates)
A
Zoophilic
25
Anthropophilic/ Zoophilic/Geophilic
Trichophyton verrucosum
Zoophilic
26
Dermatophytoses are generally called
tineas (L: ringworm)
27
8 dermatophytosis
Tinea corporis
Tinea cruris
Tinea pedis
Tinea manuum
Tinea barbae
Tinea unguium
TInea capitis
Tinea imbricata
28
Dermatophytosis of the body or trunk plus neck and shoulder
Tinea corporis
29
lesions of tinea corporis
Erythematous circular lesions
scaly patch with sharply demarcated margins
30
transmission of tinea corporis
direct contact, fomite, autoinoculation
31
causative agent of tinea corporis
Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
T. tonsurans
M. canis
32
Dermatophytosis of the proximal medial thighs, perineum, and buttocks.
Tinea cruris
33
other term of tinia cruris
jock itch
34
scaly, erythematous to tawny brown, bilateral and asymmetric lesions
sharply marginated border
frequently studded with small vesicles.
lesions of tinia cruris
35
causative agents of tinea cruris
T. rubrum
T. mentagrophytes
E. floccosum
36
Dermatophytosis of the feet
Tinea pedis
37
other term for tinea pedis
“athlete’s foot”
38
maceration, peeling, pruritic, and painful fissuring between the
fourth and fifth toes,
tinea pedis lesion
39
hyperkeratotic chronic infection of the sole
“moccasin foot”
40
causative agent of tinea pedis
T. rubrum (chronic)
E. floccosum (acute)
T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale
41
Dermatophyte infections on the palms and between fingers.
Tinea manuum
42
causative agent of Tinea manuum
M. canis
T. mentagrophytes var interdigitale
T. rubrum
T. tonsurans
43
Occurs only on the bearded areas of the face and neck.
Tinea barbae
44
Superficial form of tinea barbae
resemble tinea corporis
45
Pustular form of tinea barbae
associated with zoophilic dermatophytes
46
May develop to alopecia and permanent scarring
Tinea barbae
47
causative agents of tinea barbae
T. verrucosum
T. mentagrophytes
T. schoenleinii
48
Dermatophytosis of the nails
Tinea unguium
49
whitish patches on the surface of the nail contain fungus but
the nail is not distorted
Superficial
50
tinea unguium where deep layers of the skin is invaded and nail becomes brittle and thickened and is frequently discolored
Subungual form
51
causative agent of tinea unguium
T. rubrum (proximal subungual)
T. interdigitale (nodular variant of T. mentagrophytes)
T. schoenleinii
T. violaceum
E. floccosum
52
Dermatophytosis of the hair of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes
Tinea capitis
53
Causative agent of Tinea capitis
T. tonsurans
M. canis
54
specialized form of tinea corporis
Tinea imbricata
55
lesions are ringlike growth in overlapping circles
Tinea imbricata
56
causative agent of T. imbricata
T. concentricum
57
CATEGORIES OF HAIR INFECTION
Endothrix
Ectothrix
Favic type
58
infects the inner portion of the hair
Endothrix
59
arthroconidia appear as tile mosaic sheath around the hair
ectothrix
60
hair becomes grayish, dull, discolored, becomes brittle and breaks off
ectothrix
61
fluoresce green under wood's lamp
ectothrix
62
chain of arthroconidia inside shortened hair stubs
endothrix
63
hair lose luster, becomes brittle and breaks off above surface of the shaft
endothrix
64
conidia in the shafts of the hair stubs appear black dots leaving graying patch
endothrix
65
wood's lamp negative
endothrix
66
Creates parallel lesions with the hair shaft.
Faic
67
Hair shaft is filled with long filamentous arthroconidia; empty air-
filled areas are left in the hair when they hyphae degenerate into fat
droplets.
favic
68
odor or favic lesions
mousy
69
epithelial debris which forms yellowish, cup-shaped crusts in favic
scutula
70
dull green in wood's lamp
favic
71
Ectothrix agents
M. audouinii
M. canis
M. ferrugineum
M. gypseum (Nannizzia gypsea) complex
M. (Nannizzia) praecox
T. megninii
T. mentagrophytes complex
T. verrucosum
72
endothrix agents
T. soudanense
T. tonsurans
T. violaceum
73
favic agents
T. schoënleinii
74
Flat to velvety, thin, pale salmon to pale brownish reverse.
Microsporum audouinii
75
Flat to velvety, thin, pale to yellow, with yellow (rarely pale) reverse
Microsporum canis var. canis,
76
Granular, sandy in color, or occasionally light cinnamon or rosy buff., Reverse usually pale to brownish
Microsporum gypseum complex
77
Granular to powdery, yellow-cream to buff surface, Pale to red brown reverse.
Trichophyton mentagrophytes,
78
Powdery to low velvety, cream to deep red, Typically wine red reverse but yellow variants occasional; red color
poorly formed in presence of common bacterial contamination
Trichophyton rubrum,
79
Convoluted with glabrous texture, heaped or folded topography.
Slightly velvety whitish colony.
Trichophyton schoenleinii,
80
Surface is brownish yellow to olive gray or khaki with a suede like
surface, raised and folded in the center, with a flat periphery and
submerged fringe of growth.
Epidermophyton floccosum
81
Classification of M. canis
zoophilic
82
growth pattern of M. canis
rapid
83
Classification of M. gypseum
geophilic
84
Growth pattern of M. gypseum
rapid growth
85
Type 1 T. mentagrophytes
var mentagrphytes
86
classification of type 1 T. mentagrophytes
zoophilic
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growth pattern of T. mentagrophytes
intermediate
88
type 2 T. mentagrophytes
var interdigitale
89
Type 2 T. mentgrophytes classification
anthropophilic
90
T. rubrum classification
anthropophilic
91
T. rubrum growth
slow growth
92
T. tonsurans classification
anthropophilic
93
T. tonsurans
intermediate to slow growth
94
T. concentricum classification
anthropophilic
95
T. concentricum growth
slow growth
96
T. verrucosum classification
zoophilic
97
T. verrucosum growth
slow, improved at 37 C
98
T. schoenleinii classification
anthropophilic
99
T. schoenleinii growth
slow growth
100
T. violaceum classification
anthropophilic
101
T. violaceum growth
slow growth
102
E. floccosum classification
anthropophilic
103
E. floccosum growth
intermediate
104
Polished rice test
M. canis (+)
M. audouinii (-)
105
Incubation of polished rice test
6-10 days
25- 30 C
106
Hair perforation test positive
T. mentagrophytes
T. tonsurans
T. violaceum
M. canis
M. gypseum
107
Hair perforation test negative
T. rubrum
108
incubation of hair perforation test
4 weeks t RT
109
culture medium of urease test
christensen's agar
Stuart's broth
110
urease positive test result and interpretation
red to purple in less than 4 day
T. mentagrophytes
111
urease negative test result and interpretation
no color change T. rubrum
112
growth factor test medium
casamino acid agar/ trichophyton agar
113
components of trichophyton agar
Nicotinic acid
L-histidine
growth factors
114
growth factors in growth factor test
thiamine
inositol
115
results in growth factor test
T. verrucosum = growth in inositol
T. violaceum = growth in inositol and thiamine
116
Pigmentation:
Obverse: White that tends to turn khaki green-brown, center is folded
Reverse: Yellow-brown with observable folds
E. floccosum
117
Flat, slightly granular at first
E. floccosum
118
“Snowshoes”, “paddles”, or “beaver’s tail” macroconidia
E. floccosum
119
Pigmentation:
Obverse & reverse: Initially cream then becoming lavender or purple
T. violaceous
120
Verrucose and glabrous
T. violaceum
121
Absent conidia
Swollen hyphae containing cytoplasmic granules
T. violaceum
122
Pigmentation:
Obverse: white to tan
Reverse: colorless or light yellow
T. schoenleinii
123
Convoluted to folded and glabrous to slightly velvety
Often submerged into the surrounding medium
T. schoenleinii
124
“Mousy” odor typically develops in cultures
T. schoenleinii
125
No conidia produced
Hyphae:
Hyaline and septate
“Favic chandeliers”, “antlers”, or
“nailhead”
T. schoenleinii
126
Pigmentation:
Obverse: white or cream
Reverse: colorless or salmon
T. verrucosum
127
Commonly small
Convoluted with raised center and flat periphery
Submerged growth
Glabrous to slightly velvety
T. verricosum
128
Macroconidia are rare, 3-5 cells, thin-walled,
“RAT-TAIL”
Microconidia are large, clavate, and lateral
T. verricosum
129
Pigmentation:
Obverse: white that becomes honey-brown
Reverse: yellow
T. comcentricum
130
Folded and furrowed
T. concentricum
131
Macroconidia and microconidia are rare
Masses of tangled hyphae, presence of
chlamydospores
T. comcentricum
132
Pigmentation:
Obverse: yellow
Reverse: yellow-brown to chestnut-red-brown
T. tonsurans
133
Flat and velvety to powdery
T. tonsurum
134
Macroconidia are absent or rare, distorted
Many microconidia of various size and shapes
with flattened base
“Balloon forms” – aged pleomorphic microconidia
T. tonsurans
135
Pigmentation:
Obverse: cream to deep red
Reverse: wine-red
T. rubrum type 2
136
Powdery to low velvety
T. rubrum type 2
137
Microconidia are tear-shaped, single, and lateral along the hyphae
Abundant wine-red, water-soluble pigment
T. rubrum
138
Pigmentation:
Obverse: White to reddish
Reverse: Wine-red (occasionally yellow)
T. rubrum type 1
139
Cottony to velvety
T. rubrum type 1
140
Macroconidia are few, smooth-walled, pencil- shaped, attached directly to the hyphae
T. rubrum
141
Which T rubrum type has more conidia
type 2
142
Pigmentation:
Obverse: cinnamon-colored
Reverse: light tan
M. gypseum
143
Flat and granular
M. gypseum
144
Macroconidia: 3-9 celled, broadly spindle- shaped, rough-walled; Terminal ends may be rounded
Microconidia: If present, single or in small clusters
M. gypseum
145
Pigmentation:
Obverse: White to buff
Reverse: Yellow (rarely pale)
M. canis
146
Cottony to granular
M. canis
147
Macroconidia: 6-15 cells; Assymetrical beak apex; Abundant, spindle-shaped with thick, rough walls
M. canis
148
Microconidia: Clavate or pyriform, laterally attached to hyphae
M. canis
149
Hyphae: Hyaline, septate, branching
M. canis
150
Hyphae: Hyaline, septate, branching
M. audouinii
151
Flat and velvety
M. audouinii
152
Conidia: Absent, bizarre if present
M. audouinii
153
Atypical vegetative pectinate hyphae with terminal chlamydospores
M. audouinii
154
Macroconidia: uncommon, cigar-or pencil-shaped with thin, smooth walls, 3-6 cells
T. mentagrophytes
155
Microconidia: Unicellular, arranged singly along the hyphae on short pedicles or “en grappe”
T. mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes
156
Clavate or pyriform-shaped arranged singly in sleeves en thryses along the hyphae by pedicles
T. mentagrophytes var interdigitales
157
Hyphae: Hyaline, septate, and branched; spiral
form in 30% of isolates
T. mentagrophytes
158
Specimens for lab dignosis of cutaneous fungi
Skin scrapings
Hair
Nail clippings
159
hair mycoses with arthroconidia
endothrix and actothrix
160
hair mycoses without arthroconidia
favic type
161
two methods for direct microscopy
KOH
calcofluor white
162
incubation of SDA
25-30 C 1-3 weeks
163
antimicrobial agents in mycosel or mycohiotic agar
chloramphenicol - bacteria
cycloheximide - saprobes
164
selective for dermatophytes in DTM
cycloheximide
chlortetracycline
gentamicin
165
differential for dermatophytes
phenol red, red for presence of dermatophytes
166
Hypersensitivity reaction to dermatophytic infection elsewhere in the body
Dermatophytid reaction
167
Yellowish, circular lesions with a characteristic “mousy” odor
scutula
168
“BLACK DOT” Tinea capitis
endothrix
169
“GRAY-PATCH” Tinea capitis
ectothrix
170
Causative agent of favic type
T. schoenleinii
171
causative agents of endothrix
Trichophyton tonsurans
Trichophyton violaceum
172
Causative agents of ectothrix
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton verrucosum
Microsporum audouinii
