CV

Question 1

severe heart failure

Answer 1

hyponatremia

Question 2

PC:

- widened mediastinum and pleural effusion with amylase

Answer 2

boerhaave

Question 3

dx vasovagal syncope

Answer 3

tilt table test

Question 4

situational syncope

Answer 4

post-micturition

coughing fits

Question 5

postural orthstatic hypotension sensitive marker of hypovolaemia

Answer 5

INCREASE BUN: Cr

Question 6

3 things that increase survival for SCD secondary to v fib

Answer 6

1. defib
2. CPR
3. prompt arrhythmia analysis

Question 7

cold water on face, sudden palpitations

Answer 7

PSVT

Question 8

elderly get orthostatic hypotension because

Answer 8

decrease baroreceptor responsiveness

Question 9

tx of FMD

Answer 9

angioplasty and stent

Question 10

initial tx of pulmonary HTN

Answer 10

loop + ACE

Question 11

stop 48hrs before cardiac stress test

Answer 11

• beta blockers
• CCBs
• nitrates

Question 12

stop 12hrs before cardiac stress test

Answer 12

caffeine

Question 13

death in peripheral vascular disease

Answer 13

MI

only 1-2% get amputation

Question 14

symmetrical blue digits

Answer 14

NA vasospasm

Question 15

use dependence– Class IC

Answer 15

enhanced effects with higher HR

Question 16

increase warfarin effects

Answer 16

acetaminophen
NSAID;s
amiodarone
antibiotics

Question 17

decrease warfarin effects

Answer 17

green veggies

Question 18

burr cells=

Answer 18

echinocytes

Question 19

echinocytes seen in

Answer 19

ESRD

Question 20

spur cells seen in

Answer 20

liver disease

Question 21

2 separate conducting pathways within AV node

Answer 21

AV nodal re-entry tachycardia

Question 22

separate bypass tract from AV node

Answer 22

AV nodal re-ENTRANT tachycardia

Question 23

tx RV MI
PC:
- hypotension
- increase JVP

Answer 23

IV fluid support

Question 24

arrhythmia in digoxin toxicity

Answer 24

atrial tachycardia with AV block

Question 25

pacemaker syndrome

Answer 25

can develop | -----> first degree AV block- since prolongs PR

Question 26

AV fistulas congenital causes

Answer 26

- PDA - angiomas - pulmonary AVF - CNS AVF

Question 27

AV fistulas acquired causes

Answer 27

- trauma - iatrogenic - atherosclerosis - cancer

Question 28

IVDU with heart block

Answer 28

perivalvular abscess--- extending into cardiac condition tissues

Question 29

HIT platelet decrease

Answer 29

decrease greater than 50% in 5-10 days

Question 30

premature atrial complexes

Answer 30

2 reversible rf's - smoking - alcohol

Question 31

indications for carotid endarterectomy men asymptomatic

Answer 31

60-90% stenosis

Question 32

indications for carotid endarterectomy men symptomatic

Answer 32

``` 70-99%= IA 50-69%= IIA ```

Question 33

indications for carotid endarterectomy women

Answer 33

sympt or asympt | = 70-99%

Question 34

pericardial effusion

Answer 34

- water bottle heart - decrease heart sounds - cannot palpate maximal point impulse

Question 35

most common site for ectopic foci--> a fib

Answer 35

PULMONARY VEINS