CV I

Question 1

defect left right dynein

Answer 1

kartagener

Question 2

truncus arteriosus

Answer 2

asc aorta and pulm trunk

Question 3

bulbus cordis

Answer 3

smooth L and R ventricles

Question 4

prim pulm vein

Answer 4

smooth left atria

Question 5

left horn sinus venosus

Answer 5

coronary sinus

Question 6

cardinal vein

Answer 6

SVC

Question 7

closure foramen ovale

Answer 7

LA pressure

valve is remainder of septum primum

Question 8

valve embryo

Answer 8

from endocardial cushions

Question 9

ebstein anomaly

Answer 9

tricuspid leaflet toward apex right ventricle

Question 10

fetal RBC synthesis

Answer 10

yolk sac - 3-8 weeks
liver - 6 weeks > birth
spleen - 10-28 weeks
bone marrow - 18 weeks > adult

Question 11

fetal Hb

Answer 11

alpha 2 gamma 2

higher affinity O2 - less avid binding 2,3 BPG

Question 12

HbA1

Answer 12

adult - alpha 2 beta2

Question 13

shunts of fetal circulation

Answer 13

ductus venosus - umbilical v to IVC

foramen ovale - Ox blood from placenta > IVC > right hear

• R heart to L heart
• close with first breath

ductus arteriosus - pulmonary a to aorta

Question 14

close PDA

Answer 14

PGE2 keep open

-close - indomethacin

Question 15

falciform ligament

Answer 15

umbilical vein

from ligamentum teres hepatis

Question 16

allantois

Answer 16

urachus
-bladder to umbilicus

median umbilical ligament

Question 17

SA and AV node blood supply

Answer 17

right coronary a

Question 18

right dominant

Answer 18

90%

-posterior descending from right coronary a

Question 19

left dominant

Answer 19

10%

-posterior descending from circumflex of left coronary a

Question 20

coronary blood flow

Answer 20

early diastole

Question 21

MC coronary a occulsion

Answer 21

LAD

anterior IV septum, anterolateral pap muscle, anterior surface L ventricle

Question 22

blood supply right ventricle

Answer 22

right marginal a

Question 23

blood supply lateral and posterior wall left ventricle

Answer 23

left circumflex

Question 24

blood supply posterior 1/3 IV septum, posterior walls of ventricles

Answer 24

posterior descending

Question 25

posterior part of heart

Answer 25

left atrium | -enlargement - dysphagia

Question 26

fick principle

Answer 26

CO = O2 consume / A - V O2 content

Question 27

MAP =

Answer 27

CO x TPR = 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic

Question 28

pulse P

Answer 28

systolic P - diastolic P increase - aortic regurg decrease - aortic stenosis / tamponade

Question 29

digitalis

Answer 29

block Na/K pump - more Na -less Na/Ca exchange - more Ca in cell more contraction

Question 30

laplace law

Answer 30

wall tension = P x radius / 2x wall thickness

Question 31

hydralazine

Answer 31

vasodilator - arterial

Question 32

ejection fraction

Answer 32

normal 55% - measure ventricle contraction

Question 33

hypertrophy

Answer 33

compensate increased afterload | -to decrease wall tension

Question 34

resistance

Answer 34

proportional - inverse - R~4

Question 35

multiple myeloma

Answer 35

increased viscosity - increased resistance

Question 36

capillary

Answer 36

high total cross section | low flow velocity

Question 37

contractile force

Answer 37

proportal end diastolic length of cardiac muscle fiber

Question 38

mean systemic pressure

Answer 38

not changed with alteration in TPR

Question 39

JVP

Answer 39

A C X V Y ``` A - atrial contraction C - RV contraction - tricuspid bulge X descent - atrial relax V wave - filling right atrium Y descent - RA emptying ```

Question 40

S4

Answer 40

late diastole ventricular hypertrophy

Question 41

S3

Answer 41

normal children and pregnant women