CV III

Question 1

aortic arch

Answer 1

vagus

Question 2

carotid sinus

Answer 2

glossopharyngeal n

Question 3

carotid massage

Answer 3

increased pressure - more firing

-more AV node refractory - decreased HR

Question 4

peripheral chemoreceptor

Answer 4

low O2
high CO2
low pH

Question 5

central chemoreceptor

Answer 5

influenced by pH and CO2

not by O2

Question 6

pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Answer 6

left atrial pressure

Question 7

hypoxia in lungs

Answer 7

vasoconstriction

Question 8

autoregulate blood flow to heart

Answer 8

adenosine, NO, CO2, low O2 - vasodilators

Question 9

brain autoregulation blood flow

Answer 9

CO2 - pH - vasodilate

Question 10

blue baby

Answer 10

right to left shunt

early cyanosis

5 Ts

• truncus arteriosus
• transposition
• tricuspid atresia
• tetralogy of fallot
• TAPVR

Question 11

persistant truncus arteriosus

Answer 11

fail divide pulmonary trunk and aorta

lack aorticopulmonary septum formation

Question 12

transposition of great vessels

Answer 12

aorta leave RV - anterior
pulmonary trunk leave LV - posterior

separate systemic/pulmonic circulation

need shunt to survive

Question 13

tricuspid atresia

Answer 13

lack of tricuspid valve

need ASD and VSD for survival

Question 14

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 14

pulmonic stenosis
overriding aorta
RV hypertrophy
VSD

squatting - improve cyanosis - increased venous return
-R to L shunt

tx surgical correction

Question 15

boot shaped heart

Answer 15

tetralogy of fallot

Question 16

total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Answer 16

pulm vein drain to right heart circulation

Question 17

MC congenital heart defect

Answer 17

VSD

most self resolve

Question 18

wide fixed split S2

Answer 18

atrial septal defect

often ostium secundum defect

Question 19

turner syndrome

Answer 19

coarc of aorta

Question 20

prenatal lithium

Answer 20

ebstein anomaly

Question 21

infant of diabetic mother

Answer 21

transposition

Question 22

turner syndrome cadiac

Answer 22

bicuspid aortic valve

coarc aorta

Question 23

digeorge cardiac

Answer 23

truncus arteriosus

tetralogy of fallot

Question 24

congenital rubella - cardiac

Answer 24

septal defect
PDA
pulmonary artery stenosis

Question 25

HTN definition

Answer 25

> 140/90 more in AAs MC - essential

Question 26

hypertensive urgency

Answer 26

>180/120

Question 27

hypertensive emergency

Answer 27

end organ damage

Question 28

corneal arcus

Answer 28

lipid in cornea

Question 29

monckeberg

Answer 29

medial calcific sclerosis see on Xray -not obstruction of flow

Question 30

arteriolosclerosis

Answer 30

small arteries and arterioles hyaline and hyperplastic

Question 31

hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Answer 31

HTN and diabetes

Question 32

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

Answer 32

onion skin | -malignant HTN

Question 33

atherosclerosis

Answer 33

elastic arteries - large and medium sized ``` endo dysfxn > macro and LDL accumulate > foam cell > fatty streak > smooth m cell migration (PDGF an FGF) > ECM deposition > fibrous plaque ```

Question 34

abnominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 34

atherosclerosis

Question 35

thoracic aortic aneurysm

Answer 35

cystic medial degeneration HTN, bicuspid valve, CT disease, tertiary syphilis

Question 36

aortic dissection type A

Answer 36

proximal - ascending aorta tx - surgery

Question 37

aortic dissection type B

Answer 37

distal - descending aorta/aortic arch tx - medical - B blocker

Question 38

stable angina

Answer 38

atherosclerosis

Question 39

prinzmetal angina

Answer 39

vasospams | -tobacco, triptans, cocaine

Question 40

transmural MI

Answer 40

STEMI - ST elevation

Question 41

subendocardial MI

Answer 41

NSTEMI - ST depression but still see cardiac biomarkers

Question 42

sudden cardiac death

Answer 42

lethal arrhythmia