CV Medications Flashcards
(69 cards)
What does Somatostatin do and what type of cell is it produced from?
a. inhibits alpha cell activity and produced from hepatocytes
b. inhibits beta cell activity and produced from alpha cells
c. activates alpha cell activity and produced from beta cells
d. inhibits alpha cell activity and produced from delta cells
e. inhibits beta cell activity and produced from hepatocytes
f. inhibits beta cell activity and produced from delta cells
g. a & e
h. d & f
h.
inhibits alpha cell activity (glucagon release) and beta cell activity (insulin release). it is produced from the delta cells in the pancreas
What is not included in the 3 headed monster that TKP talked about?
a. Blood glucose
b. Hemoglobin
c. Hypertension
d. Lipids
e. Pancreatitis enzyme
f. b & d
g. b & e
h. d & e
g. Blood glucose (a1c), lipid lowering (use of statins), and hypertension (get it down past 140/90) ACE I or ARB.
What is NOT true of type 2 DM?
a. it is often due to the american diet
b. it is associated with metabolic syndrome
c. rapid decrease in insulin secretion
d. abdominal obesity
e. all of the above are true
c.
it is a GRADUAL decrease in insulin release not rapid.
What level do we want to see an A1C test?
a. >7%
b. >9%
c.
c.
What is the best treatment in lowering lipid levels?
a. use of Intermediate statin
b. use of high intensity statin
c. use of long lasting insulin, preferably toujeo
d. use of basal insulin and prandial insulin
e. all of the above are suitable treatment methods.
b. She has listed only the high intensity statin.
A new physician in the area calls the pharmacy at 07:00 and asks if he will get an adequate fasting sugar level if the patient last had late night snack meal as well as a soda pop at 23:00 the night before you tell him:
a. Wait until 11:00 then test the b. blood for the fasting sugar level because of the soda pop the patient drank
c. Wait until 09:00 then test the blood for the fasting sugar level
d. You tell him that you can’t remember how military time works and that you will call him back
e. You tell him to just go ahead and test the blood for the fasting sugar level.
f. Tell the rookie to ask Dean Cady about Diabeetus.
d. Go ahead and draw the blood because a fasting level is 8-12 hours with no food or drink and since the pt is at the 8 hour limit you are fine.
While doing rounds on rotations you overhear a physician discussing HbA1c values with your preceptor, they realize you might not know what this means and they ask you what you can assess about the patient by knowing the HbA1c. you tell them:
a. It is the hemoglobin A1c
b. It is way to assess the function and relative number of Hemoglobin molecules
c. It is a way to tell the average blood glucose
d. more than one of the above would be appropriate.
c. It is a way to figure out the average blood glucose and if you wanted to really impress them you would say it is an average over the past 3 months. HbA1c is basically long-term blood sugar.
You are reviewing the labs of a patient and see a value of 75 mg/dL for the blood glucose you:
a. realize that anything 75 and below is hypoglycemic and look further into the patient history
b. call to the nurse on the floor to inject a glucagon kit ASAP this patient is in serious trouble
c. no immediate action but take note to monitor this patient’s glucose levels more often and move on to check on other patients
d. the patient is hyperglycemic and should be given a rapid acting insulin
c anything under 70 mg/dL is hypoglycemic.
When injecting insulin rank the sites to inject from best to worst.
a. stomach > thighs > buttocks > arms
b. stomach > arms > buttocks > thighs
c. stomach > arms > thighs > buttocks
d. arms > stomach > thigh > buttocks
e. thighs > stomach > arms > buttocks
c stomach > arms > thighs > buttocks
The use of which medication is most associated with lipodystrophy?
a. metformin
b. Toujeo
c. simvastatin
d. cholestyramine
e. none of the above
b lipodystrophy is the dents in the skin form injecting insulin (so any insulin would be considered for this but i decided to choose toujeo.
Another term for “regular” insulin is:
a. rapid acting
b. short acting
c. intermediate acting
d. long acting
b short acting.
Another term for “NPH” is
a. rapid acting insulin
b. short acting insulin
c. intermediate acting insulin
d. long acting insulin
c intermediate acting = NPH. NPH insulin (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn)
The main goal of insulin therapy is to mimic normal physiologic action
a. true
b. false
a true
For prandial insulin patients are told to inject their rapid acting insulin 10 minutes before a meal because the onset of action of rapid insulins is 10 minutes.
a. true
b. false
a false, the onset of action is 15 minutes.
What type(s) of insulin are indicated for prandial sugars?
a. rapid acting
b. short acting
c. intermediate acting
d. 2 of the above
e. 3 of the above
e all 3 of them.
Patients with severe hyperlipidemia who aren’t getting the results from a statin such as simvastatin are commonly given a vibrate such as gemfibrozil as add on therapy.
a. true, however pt compliance goes down because fibrates can often be prescribed for twice a day
b. true, but fibrates are generally not tolerated very well.
c. false because simvastatin and gemfibrozil cause a serious decrease in liver function and enzymes when taken together
d. false because simvastatin and gemfibrozil cause a serious myopathy risk when taken together
d. False, you do not want to take these 2 drugs in particular, however it is important to note that if you take any statin and gemfibrozil together you can get other serious interactions. Contraindications.
While working at the pharmacy you get a person that looks like they live off of granola and have a shirt that says “save the earth one leaf at a time”. They tell you they are not a fan of taking prescription medications, especially synthetic medications. However, their PCP told them they have high cholesterol levels and they need to be on a medication. What do you recommend?
Recommend Niacin aka B3 or nicotinic acid. BECAUSE it is a natural product.
What type of hyperlipidemia medication is a monoclonal antibody?
a. HMG - CoA reductase inhibitors
b. Ezetimibe
c. PCSK 9 inhibitors
d. Bile Acid Sequestrates
e. Fibrates
f. MTP inhibitor
c. PCSK 9 inhibitors. Remember that monoclonals end in MAB so if they give us generic medications on the test make sure to note them.
A patient comes in after a month of taking torsemide and is complaint that they are still peeing a ton everyday, you tell them:
a. we need to switch you to a thiazide
b. this is normal so I guess you’ll have to get used to it.
c. contact your physician
d. go to the nearest emergency room as you are likely to have hypomagnesemia
none of the above
b. This is normal, patients on loop diuretics lose a ton of water (used for EDEMA) and they keep peeing throughout treatment, unlike thiazides. Hypomagnesemia is an issue with loop diuretics but we had no reason to suspect them to go to the hospital because we don’t have their labs.
A potassium sparing diuretic is a good add on to which medication?
a. HCTZ
b. furosemide
c. amiloride
d. metolazone
e. all of the above
a. examples of potassium sparing medications are triamterene and amiloride. You mostly see triamterene with HCTZ.
What does RAAS stand for?
Renin Angiotensin - Aldosterone System
What does renin do?
It converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I
What does ACE does and what does it stand for?
ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme). Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
What is the function of the RAAS system?
It is responsible for helping to maintain electrolytes, water balance and blood pressure.
When activated it increases blood pressure and Na/Water retention.
