Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio > CV Part 3 > Flashcards

CV Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is reentry?

A

Phenomenon of opportunity
Form self sustained electrical current
Multiple depol in multiple regions of myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ventricular rhythm in A fib?

A

Irregularly irregular (AV node fluctuates in conduction frequency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is the vulnerable period?

A

Down slope of T wave (end of repol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens during the vulnerable period?

A

Myocytes vary in excitability

Some are easily re-stimulated → reentry possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s an infarct?

A

Area of necrosis due to sudden blood supply loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where’s the most common location for an MI?

A

LV → high muscle mass and O2 demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Changes in ECG for MI (3)

A

Inverted T wave
ST segment elevation
New Q wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does new Q waves indicate?

A

Irreversible myocardial death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does an inverted T wave represent?

A

Ischemia

** not diagnostic for MIs **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the ST segment represent?

A

Myocardial injury has occurred

Due to difference between RMPs of the healthy vs ischemic myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inferior and posterior regions are heart are supplied by

A

Right coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If inferior myocardium is affected by occlusion in the ________, then electrical changes would be seen in _______ leads such as _______

A

Right coronary artery
Inferior
2, 3, aVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If posterior myocardium is affected by occlusion in _______, then we would check lead ______

A

Right coronary artery

N/A → posterior does not have a dedicated lead!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lateral regions of the heart are supplied by the

A

Left circumflex artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If left lateral myocardium is affected by occlusion in _______, then we would check leads ________

A

Left circumflex artery

1, aVL, V5, V6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anterior regions of the heart is supplied by

A

Left anterior descending artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If anterior myocardium is affected by occlusion in ______, then we would check ______

A 
Left anterior descending anterior
Precordial leads (V1-V6)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S1

A

Onset of ventricular systole
Closing AV valves

Lub

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

S2

A

Closing semilunar valves
Split into aortic and pulmonic valve component

Dub

20
Q

Physiologic splitting

A

Aortic valve component and Pulmonic valve component during S2
Can tell difference during inspiration

21
Q

Physiologic splitting occurs due to

A

Decreased thoracic pressure that’s generated during inspiration

22
Q

Which valve closes after the other under normal inspiration?

A

Pulmonic valve closes after Aortic valve

23
Q

What is widened splitting?
What does this mean?
3 Examples

A

Increase the delay between A2 and P2
Delay is pulmonic valve closing → prolonging cardiac cycle in right heart
Right BBB, Pulmonary Hypertension, Pulmonary Stenosis

24
Q

What is paradoxical splitting?
What does this mean?
2 Examples

A

P2 occurs before A2
Aortic valve closes after pulmonic valve → delay aortic valve closure
Aortic Stenosis, Left BBB

25
Q

S3

A

Occurs after S2

Heard in elevated left heart filling pressures of adults sometimes

26
Q

S4

A

Heard in late diastole

Heard if PT has left ventricular hypertrophy

27
Q

Heart sounds are generated by

A

Valves closing and atrioventricular blood turbulence due to AV pressure

28
Q

Stenosis

A

Constriction of narrowing

29
Q

Regurgitation

A

Pressure induced backwash through leaky valve

30
Q

Aortic valve stenosis

A

LVP&raquo_space;> aortic pressure
Can result in LVH
Murmur intensifies at mid-systole

31
Q

Pulmonic valve stenosis

A

RVP&raquo_space;> pulmonary arterial pressure
Cause RVH
Intensity increases during inspiration

32
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

Left atrial hypertrophy
Increased amplitude and duration of leads 1 and V1
High pitched opening snap and then diastolic rumble

33
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

Blood leaks back into LA → works harder against higher pressures
Notched P wave in ECG

34
Q

Tricuspid regurgitation

A

Reflux of blood during RV systole → increases jugular venous pressure

35
Q

Aortic valve regurgitation

A

LV volume and pressure increase

LV dilatation and hypertrophy

36
Q

Acute changes in ________ can induce changes in BP

A

Intravascular volume

37
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Low plasma volume

38
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Elevated plasma volume

39
Q

High pressure baroreceptors are located in

A

Aortic arch

Carotid sinus

40
Q

Low pressure baroreceptors are found in

A

RA/vena cava

LA/pulmonary vein

41
Q

Low pressure baroreceptors are sensitive to

A

Pressure induced stench

Firing rate changes during atrial systole and diastole

42
Q

Chemoceptors are located in

A

Carotid sinus

Aortic arch

43
Q

Chemoceptors sense

A

Decreases in PO2 (partial pressure)
Elevated PCO2
Decreased pH

44
Q

Chemoceptors are especially sensitive to small changes in

A

PCO2

45
Q

Baroreceptors and Chemoceptors are designed to correct ________ changes but they can become _______ over time

A

Acute

Desensitized

Cardio (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions