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536 Body Systems > CV/Pulmonary Meds > Flashcards

CV/Pulmonary Meds Flashcards

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1
Q

indications for anti angina medications

A

prevent angina attacks, acute angina, reduce demand/increase supply to myocardium

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2
Q

types of anti angina medication

A

calcium channel blockers
nitrates
beta blockers

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3
Q

effect of nitrates

A

anginal
dilate coronary arteries for vasodilation

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4
Q

effect of calcium channel blockers

A

anti angina (reduced frequency)
vasodilation (systemic)
reduce afterload/BP
decreases supraventricular arrhythmias

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5
Q

effect of beta blockers

A

anti angins
decrease myocardium’s O2 consumption
decrease HR

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6
Q

side effects of nitrates

A

dizziness
headaches
hypotension (OH)

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7
Q

side effects of calcium channel blockers

A

dizziness
OH
headache
fatigue
angina
bradycardia
palpitations
nausea
unique to ca channel blockers:
flushing
peripheral edema

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8
Q

side effects of beta blockers

A

bradycardia
peripheral vasoconstriciton
fatigue
weakness
drowsiness
impotence
insomnia
depression (memory loss, nightmares)
bronchospasm
lethargy

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9
Q

precautions for anti anginal medication use

A

OH
shouldn’t be combined with viagra
precaution for severe low BP
may cause hypotension when combined with antihypertensives or alcohol

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10
Q

indications for beta blockers

A

HTN
angina
post MI/CABG to decrease morbidity/mortality due to decreased work load

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11
Q

effects of beta blockers

A

lower HR
lower systolic BP
decrease contractility
decrease ventricular remodeling

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12
Q

contraindications and interactions with beta blockers

A

caution with renal impairment
caution with pulmonary dysfunction
caution with diabetes - can cause hypoglycemia
contraindication in uncompensated heart failure/pulmonary edema/cardiogenic shock/heart block
caution with OH

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13
Q

Patient is taking beta blockers but forgets their medications one day. What would be the physiological effects you might see?
* A. higher resting HR, lower BP
* B. increased SOB, lower BP, shakiness
* C. Palpitations, lower resting HR
* D. Higher resting heart rate, increased BP

A

D

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14
Q

What are concerns with individuals who have diabetes and are taking beta blockers?
* A. insulin does not work as well when taking beta blockers…may need to increase dosage
* B. symptoms of hypoglycemia are blocked by beta blockers
* C. Patients may develop tremors and palpitations when they are hypoglycemic on beta blockers
* D. Individuals will have increased risk of hypotension

A

B

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15
Q

suffix for calcium channel blockers

A

-pine

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16
Q

indications for ca channel blockers

A

HTN
angina
vasospasm

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17
Q

contraindications/interactions w ca channel blockers

A

hypotension and bradycardia BP <90
contraindicated w 2nd or 3rd degree heart block
precaution with severe hepatic impairment, aortic stenosis, hx of CHF, or children

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18
Q

ACE inhibitors indications

A

HTN
CHF
post MI
left ventricular dysfunction
decrease diabetic nephropathy progression
prevent migraines

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19
Q

effects of ACE inhibitors

A

blocks conversion of angiotensin I to II
reduce vasoconstriction
results in vasodilation
lower BP by decreasing afterload
decrease CHF risk and MI survival
prevent L ventricle dilation post MI
decrease diabetic nephropathy progression

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20
Q

side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

vasodilation –> hypotension
cough

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21
Q

ACE inhibitor suffix

A

-pril

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22
Q

ARB suffix

A

-sartan

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23
Q

Patient is sitting over the edge of the bed and complains of dizziness with a change in systolic BP of 25 mm Hg (decrease) and a rise in HR. What medications might be causing this?
* A. Nonspecific beta blockers
* B. Beta 1 specific Blockers
* C. Calcium channel blockers
* D. Anticoagulants

A

C

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24
Q

indications for diuretics

A

HTN
edema from CHF

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25
effects of diuretics
excrete H2O, electrolytes effect renal system
26
side effects of diuretics
hypokalemia hyperuricemia dehydration dizziness lethargy weakness decreased BP anorexia/cramping hyponatremia muscle cramps
27
contraindications for diuretics
caution with liver and kidney disease
28
diuretics suffixes
-ides -ones
29
What is the triple cocktail of medications for heart failure? * A. Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics * B. Calcium channel blockers, diuretics, cardiac glycosides * C. ACE inhibitors, nitrates, diuretics * D. Beta Blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics
D beta blockers ace inhibitors diuretics
30
entresto
valsartan (ARB) and salubitril to prevent CV death
31
side effects of entresto
hypotension hyperkalemia renal impairment
32
cardio glycosides
less commonly used digoxin, lanoxin
33
cardio glycosides indications
CHF tachyarrhythmias a fib paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
34
effects of cardioglycosides
increase contractility prolong refractory period of AV, decreasing conduction this increases filling and contractility by Starling law, increase CO
35
side effects of cardio glycosides
fatigue bradycardia nausea arrhythmia anorexia from toxicity
36
precautions/contraindications of cardio glycosides
uncontrolled arrhythmia AV block hypertrophic subaortic stenosis constrictive pericarditis alc intolerance electrolyte imbalance renal impairment obese patients
37
positive inotrope meds
dobutamine dopamine amrinone milrinone
38
vasopressors
dopamine dobutamine norepinephrine epinephrine isoproterenol phenylephrine
39
side effects of vasopressors
vasoconstriction bradycardia arrhythmia headache anxiety plasma volume depleted
40
use of vasopressors
bolster BP
41
narcan
antidote to narcotics
42
side effects of narcan
change in mood increased sweating nausea nervousness restlessness trembling vomiting
43
indications of thrombolytics
manage MI - coronary artery thrombosis PE DVT acute ischemic stroke
44
effects of thrombolytics
convert plasminogen to plasmin then degrades fibrin in clots
45
contraindications/precautions to thrombolytics
recent major surgery/trauma/bleeding severe hepatic/renal disease pericarditis/bactieral endocarditis interactions with aspirin, NSAIDs, warfarin, heparin
46
clot buster suffix
-ase tPA
47
other types of thrombolytics
warfarin: vitamin K antagonist fondaparinux: factor Xa inhibitor Argatroban: thrombin inhibitor LMWH heparin: used when pt has renal dysfunction plavix eptifibatide tirofiban abciximab
48
pradaxa
new drug for a fib anticoagulant to reduce clots
49
xarelto
oral selective factor Xa inhibitor | blood thinner
50
pulmonary meds: new
vasodilators
51
When treating patients who are on Heparin there are two things to consider: * A .They are at an increased risk for bleeding, and they probably have kidney dysfunction OR mechanical valve or device * B. They are at an increased risk for bleeding , and they probably are lower socioeconomic status or they would be using NOACs * C. They are at an increased risk for bleeding, and they probably are restricted to bedrest * D. they are NOT at an increased risk for bleeding, but they probably have kidney dysfunction OR mechanical valve or device
A?
52
cholesterol lowering drugs indications
reduce blood lipids
53
effects of cholesterol lowering medications
inhibit enzyme in cholesterol synthesis bind cholesterol in GI tract
54
toxicity of lipid lowering meds
myopathy muscle pain cramping
55
alternatives to statins
praluent repatha
56
meds for a heart transplant
immunosuppression to avoid rejection antimetabolites antiproliferatives steroids
57
complications with heart transplant
many have renal damage cancer HTN high cholesterol
58
antimetabolites meds
prevent immune cells from reproducing to reject new heart
59
antiproliferatives meds
for transplant inhibit expansion of cell lines modulating organ rejection includes cyclosporine and tacrolimus
60
steroids for heart transplant
nonspecific prevention of cell line expansion of lines modulating organ rejeciton includes prednisone
61
anti arrhythmia medications: beta blockers effect
decrease SNS excitatory signals, block NE and epi from reaching heart decrease automaticity and prolong refractory period
62
anti arrhythmia drugs: potassium channel blockers effects
prolong refractory period, inhibit K+. efflux in repolarization
63
general side effects of anti arrhythmic drugs
dry mouth, throat, diarrhea, loss of appetite
64
class I anti arrhythmic drugs
fast sodium channel blockers
65
diabetes is managed by which drugs?
insulin: soluble human insulin, rapid acting insulin, intermediate human isophane, long acting basal analogues oral meds: for type 2, include metformin, etc
66
bronchodilators include what meds?
adrenergic agonists sympathetic stimulators anticholinergics corticosteroids theophyllines
67
what receptors do bronchodilators act on?
alpha, beta 1 and 2 receptors
68
side effects of bronchodilators
palpitations headache dizziness nausea inotropic
69
SABA effect
short acting bronchodilators 3-5 min to act, lasts 4-6 hours quick relief
70
LABA
long acting bronchodilator takes 5-20 min to act, lasts up to 12 hours used as maintenance drugs
71
anticholinergics indications as bronchodilators
for COPD and asthma
72
side effects of anticholinergics
dry mouth dizziness tachycardia delirium blurred vision
73
corticosteroid uses as bronchodilators
supplementary for long term asthma treatment as immunosuppressant/anti inflammatory
74
side effects of corticosteroids
immunosuppression insomnia emotional lability osteoporosis muscle weakness atrophy connective tissue breakdown shifting of fats
75
theophylline indications
COPD anti inflammatory
76
decongestants side effects
headache dizziness nervousness palpitations can raise BP (pseudoephedrine)
77
antihistamine effects
decrease mucosal congestion from allergies 2nd line drug for asthma
78
side effects of antihistamines
sedation, dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, loss of coordination
79
antitussives use
block non productive cough by inhibiting cough receptors to reduce threshold in medulla
80
mucolytics
ancillary pulmonary drugs mobilize and thin secretions with minimal side effects
81
ancillary pulmonary medications
mucolytics anti microbials
82
precautions of beta blockers with respiratory issues
beta blockers can cause bronchoconstriction
83
precautions of amiodarone w respiratory issues
amiodarone can cause pulmonary toxicity - grapefruit, myocin antibiotics, coumadin, statins, and digoxin interact with it
84
other meds interfering with respiratory issues
blood thinners digoxin ACE inhibitors/ARBs atorvastatin St. John's wort ca channel blockers
85
hypoglycemia symptoms
fast heartbeat shaking sweating anxiety confusion dizziness hunger
86
causes of hypoglycermia
excess insulin not enough carbs too much exercise injecting insulin into muscle/exercising muscle

536 Body Systems (13 decks)

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