CV Quiz Review Flashcards
Which of the following statements is true?
a. The pericardium is made up of a fibrous and serous layer
b. The phrenic nerves coarse over the pericardium on both sides of the heart
c. The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also known as the epicardium
d. All of the above*****
Which of the following statements regarding thee autonomic nervous system is TRUE.
a. The parasympathetic nervous system has a craniosacral origin
b. The “cardiac accelerators” of the sympathetic nervous system originate from T1-T4
c. The Vagus nerve (CN X) is part of the parasympathetic nervous system
d. All of the above***
The basic part of the circulatory system include:
a. A pump with an electrical system for regular running
b. Distributing and collecting tubes
c. Extensive system of thin vessels that permit rapid exchange between the tissues and the vascular channels
d. All of the above*******
T/F the majority of the blood volume is contained within the arterial portion of the circulation.
False- venous holds 70% of blood volume
Which of the following structures does NOT drain into the right atrium?
a. Coronary sinus
b. Inferior vena cava
c. Superior vena cava
d. Pulmonary veins****
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the NA, K, ATPase pump?
a. Metabolic pump which removes potassium from the cell and pumps sodium into the cell **
b. Pumps in 3:2 ratio (3 sodiums for every 2 potassiums)
c. The pump is electrogenic
d. This pump is partially inhibited by digitalis
Which of the following contributes to the resting membrane potential (RMP) of the cardiac muscle cell?
a. Potassium diffusion
b. Sodium diffusion (small, but finite leakage of this ion)
c. Activity of Na+-K+ ATP-are pump
d. All of the above contribute to RMP of the cardiac muscle *****
Which of the following is the major contributor to the phase of the action potential depicted by the arrow
(Phase 0 of membrane potential diagram)?
C. Activation of the sodium channels allowing rapid, inward movement of sodium into the cell
Pacemaking cells found in the sinoatrial (SA) node demonstrate a gradual upsloping of phase 4 of their action potentials. These cells become gradually less negative due to a slow influx of sodium ions. The potential in the cell will slowly increase until an action potential is triggered in the cell. This process is called:
Diastolic depolarization
The majority of ventricular filling occurs:
During the rapid filling phase (phase 6)
Which of the following is associated with aortic valve closure?
Dicrotic notch on the aortic pressure tracing and second heart sound
Which statement regarding the Frank-Starling mechanism is TRUE?
a. Allows the heart to readily adapt to changes in venous return
b. The Frank-Starling Mechanism plays an important role in balancing the output of the 2 ventricles
c. Increasing the venous return and ventricular preload leads to an increase in stroke volume
d. All of the above statements are true *****
An increase of which of the following will result in a decrease of CO?
Afterload
During isovolumetric contraction which of the following occurs?
Aortic valve is closed, mitral valve is closed
T/F The circulatory filling pressure is the pressure in the CV system when CO is equal to 0.
True
T/F. Except for brief transient disparities, CO equals venous return
True
Which parameter would you not be able to measure directly with a Swan-Ganz catheter?
Systemic vascular resistance
You are asked to inflate a Swan-Ganz catheter balloon after is has even inserted through the central venous introducer. Which of the following statements is true?
a. You should watch the pulmonary artery tracing on the monitor as you inflate the balloon
b. You should inflate the balloon slowly
c. You should stop inflation of the balloon if resistance to inflation is detected
d. All of the above are true**
Which of the following is used to predict laminar vs turbulent flow in a conduit?
Reynold’s number
Which of the following changes will result in the greatest increase in flow through a conduit?
Doubling the radius of the conduit
Which of the following may create an error or artifact that may provide inaccurate information when trying to obtain hemodynamic information?
a. Use of a blood pressure cuff that is too small for a given patient
b. “Ringing” in an arterial line setup
c. Having a large amount of air in the tubing between the transducer and a Swan-Ganze catheter
d. All of the above **
Which of the following factors help to optimize the exchange functions of the capillaries?
a. Large surface area
b. Large cross-sectional area with low blood flow velocity
c. Non-pulsation blood flow due to pulse dampening effects of the aorta and large arteries
d. All of the above **
In healthy individual lying supine, you simultaneously measure blood pressures in the aorta and the dorsalis pedis (dorsal foot) artery using arterial catheters. Compared to the aortic systolic pressure you would expect the systolic pressure in the dorsalis pedis artery to be:
Higher
Which of the following statements regarding the venous system is true?
a. Veins have valves which help create unidirectional flow of blood in the venous system
b. The venous system contains approximately 70% of the blood volume in a normovolemic individual.
c. Contraction of venous smooth muscles help increase venous return back to the heart
d. All of the above statements are true ****
