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AP 2 > CV System- Curculation Oc Systematic And Pulmonary > Flashcards

CV System- Curculation Oc Systematic And Pulmonary Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

What is the largest artery of the body?

A

Aorta

The aorta is responsible for distributing oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

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2
Q

What are the four parts of the aorta?

A
  • Ascending Aorta
  • Aortic Arch
  • Descending Aorta
  • Abdominal Aorta

The ascending aorta carries blood upward from the heart, the aortic arch curves over the heart, the descending aorta travels downward, and the abdominal aorta continues into the abdomen.

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3
Q

Which part of the aorta is located above the diaphragm?

A

Descending Aorta

The descending aorta is divided into thoracic and abdominal segments.

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4
Q

Which part of the aorta is located below the diaphragm?

A

Abdominal Aorta

The abdominal aorta supplies blood to the abdominal organs and lower limbs.

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5
Q

What is the Aorta?

A

The main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

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6
Q

What is the Ascending Aorta?

A

The first and shortest part of the aorta, approximately 2 inches long.

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7
Q

What does the Ascending Aorta supply?

A

It supplies the coronary circulation through the right and left coronary arteries.

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8
Q

What is the Aortic Arch?

A

The part of the aorta that gives rise to three major branches.

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9
Q

What are the three major branches of the Aortic Arch?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian artery
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10
Q

Can the order of the Aortic Arch branches be changed?

A

No, the order cannot be changed.

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11
Q

What is the Celiac Trunk?

A

A major artery that branches off from the abdominal aorta.

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12
Q

What are the three main branches of the Celiac Trunk?

A
  • Common hepatic artery
  • Splenic artery
  • Left gastric artery
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13
Q

True or False: The Celiac Trunk splits into two arteries.

A

False

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The Celiac Trunk immediately splits into the _______.

A

[three main branches]

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15
Q

What is the function of the Common hepatic artery?

A

Supplies blood to the liver and parts of the stomach and pancreas.

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16
Q

What does the Splenic artery supply?

A

Supplies blood to the spleen.

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17
Q

What area does the Left gastric artery primarily supply?

A

Supplies blood to the stomach.

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18
Q

What are the 4 pairs of arteries in the head and neck?

A

2 Common Carotids and 2 Vertebral Arteries

Includes Thyrocervical Trunk and Costocervical Trunk.

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19
Q

What are the two types of arteries mentioned?

A

Common Carotids and Vertebral Arteries.

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20
Q

What trunks are included in the head and neck arteries?

A

Thyrocervical Trunk and Costocervical Trunk.

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21
Q

What are the Common Carotid Arteries?

A

Arteries that go to the brain.

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22
Q

Where do the Common Carotid Arteries split?

A

They split into External carotids and Internal carotids.

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23
Q

What do the External carotids supply?

A

They supply the face and the outside of the scalp.

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24
Q

What do the Internal carotids supply?

A

They supply the brain and the inside of the scalp.

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25
What percentage of the brain is supplied by the Internal carotids?
80% of the brain.
26
What areas do the Common Carotid Arteries supply?
They supply most of the head.
27
What do vertebral arteries pass through?
Vertebral arteries go up through the transverse foramen of all cervical vertebrae and into the skull through the foramen magnum.
28
What percentage of the brain do vertebral arteries supply?
Vertebral arteries supply 20% of the brain.
29
What is the significance of the Circle of Willis?
The Circle of Willis is where the vertebral arteries contribute to the blood supply of the brain.
30
What are the arteries of the upper limb?
Subclavian Artery, Axillary Artery, Brachial Artery, Radial Artery, Ulnar Artery
31
What is the function of the Brachial Artery?
It is used for measuring blood pressure.
32
Where are the Radial and Ulnar arteries located?
Below the elbow.
33
What is the Descending Aorta also known as?
Thoracic Aorta
34
Where does the Descending Aorta run?
Runs along the vertebral column
35
What are the branches of the Descending Aorta?
Bronchial, Esophageal, Pericardial, Mediastinal
36
What is the Abdominal Aorta?
Once below the diaphragm
37
What are the branches coming off the Abdominal Aorta?
Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric, Inferior Mesenteric
38
What is the function of the venous system?
Drains all the blood out of the tissues and back to the heart.
39
What does the Inferior Vena Cava drain?
All blood below the diaphragm.
40
What does the Superior Vena Cava drain?
All blood above the diaphragm.
41
What is the role of the coronary circulation?
Uses the coronary sinus to drain.
42
What vein drains the brain?
Internal Jugular ## Footnote The brain drains mostly into the dural venous sinus, which drains into the Internal Jugular.
43
What vein drains the face and scalp?
External Jugular
44
What vein helps drain the brain?
Vertebral Vein
45
What are the two main veins that drain the abdomen and thoracic wall?
Azygous Vein (right side) and Hemiazygous Vein (left side) ## Footnote There is also an accessory hemiazygous vein in the thorax.
46
Where do the Azygous and Hemiazygous veins run?
They run along the vertebral column.
47
What system drains blood from the digestive organs and spleen to the liver?
The hepatic portal system.
48
What happens to blood after it flows through the liver?
Blood exits through the hepatic vein and into the inferior vena cava.
49
What are the 5 main veins of the forearm?
Radial, Ulnar, Basilic, Cephalic, Median Antebrachial
50
Which veins combine to form the Brachial vein?
Radial and Ulnar
51
Which veins are connected by the median cubital vein?
Basilic and Cephalic
52
What are the three veins of the upper arm?
Basilic, Brachial, Cephalic
53
What do the veins of the upper arm unite to form?
The subclavian veins
54
Where do the subclavian veins dump?
Into the superior vena cava
55
What are the three veins of the upper arm?
Basilic, Brachial, Cephalic
56
What do the veins of the upper arm unite to form?
The subclavian veins
57
Where do the subclavian veins dump?
Into the superior vena cava
58
What is the primary function of the venous system?
Drains all the blood out of the tissues and back to the heart ## Footnote The venous system is crucial for returning deoxygenated blood to the heart for re-oxygenation.
59
What does the inferior vena cava drain?
All below the diaphragm ## Footnote The inferior vena cava collects blood from the lower parts of the body.
60
What does the superior vena cava drain?
Above the diaphragm ## Footnote The superior vena cava collects blood from the upper parts of the body.
61
What is the role of the coronary circulation?
Uses the coronary sinus to drain ## Footnote Coronary circulation is responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscle itself.
62
Fill in the blank: The _______ drains all blood below the diaphragm.
inferior vena cava
63
Fill in the blank: The _______ drains blood from above the diaphragm.
superior vena cava
64
What veins drain the abdomen and thoracic wall?
Two veins that run along the vertebral column.
65
Which vein is located on the right side?
Azygous Vein.
66
Which vein is located on the left side?
Hemiazygous Vein.
67
Is there an accessory vein in the thorax?
Yes, there is an accessory hemiazygous vein.
68
What is the function of the hepatic portal system?
It drains blood from the digestive organs and spleen into the liver.
69
What happens to blood after it flows through the liver?
Blood exits through the Hepatic vein and into the Inferior Vena Cava.
70
What are the 5 main veins of the forearm?
Radial, Ulnar, Basilic, Cephalic, Median Antebrachial
71
Which veins merge to form the Brachial vein?
Radial and Ulnar
72
Which veins are connected by the median cubital vein?
Basilic and Cephalic
73
What are the three veins of the upper arm?
Basilic, Brachial, Cephalic
74
What do the veins of the upper arm unite to form?
The subclavian veins
75
Where do the subclavian veins dump their blood?
Into the superior vena cava
76
What are the two main deep veins of the lower leg?
Anterior Tibial Vein and Posterior Tibial Vein
77
What are the two main superficial veins of the lower leg?
Small saphenous vein and Great saphenous vein
78
What vein does the deep veins and the small saphenous vein lead to?
Popliteal vein (behind the knee)
79
What does the popliteal vein turn into?
Femoral vein above the popliteal fossa
80
What is the femoral vein inside the pelvis connected to?
The femoral vein inside the pelvis connects to the external iliac vein.
81
What do the internal and external iliac veins unite to form?
The internal and external iliac veins unite to form the common iliac vein.
82
What do the two common iliac veins join to form?
The two common iliac veins join to form the inferior vena cava.
83
What does the inferior vena cava do?
The inferior vena cava brings blood back to the heart's right atrium.
84
What is an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
A balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel.
85
Are Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms usually symptomatic?
Usually asymptomatic, until they rupture.
86
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure ## Footnote Prolonged hypertension is a major cause of heart failure, vascular disease, renal failure, and stroke.
87
What percentage of hypertensive conditions is primary or essential hypertension?
90% of hypertensive conditions ## Footnote It is due to several risk factors including heredity, diet, obesity, age, stress, diabetes mellitus, and smoking.
88
What is secondary hypertension?
Less common hypertension ## Footnote It is due to identifiable disorders, including kidney disease, arteriosclerosis, and endocrine disorders such as hyperthyroidism and Cushing's syndrome.
89
What is low blood pressure?
Hypotension
90
What is orthostatic hypotension?
Temporary low BP and dizziness when suddenly rising from a sitting or reclining position.
91
What does chronic hypotension indicate?
It may hint at poor nutrition and can be a warning sign for Addison's disease or Hypothyroidism.
92
What is acute hypotension?
Important sign of circulatory shock.
93
What is Circulatory Shock?
Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally.
94
What are the results of Circulatory Shock?
Results in inadequate blood flow to meet tissue needs.
95
What is Hypovolemic Shock?
Results from large-scale blood loss.
96
What is Vascular Shock?
Results from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance.
97
What is Cardiogenic Shock?
Results when an inefficient heart cannot sustain adequate circulation (heart is not pumping enough).
98
What is Peripheral Artery Disease?
Lack of blood flow to organs and skeletal muscle, most commonly occurs in the lower extremities.
99
What is a symptom of Peripheral Artery Disease?
Intermittent claudication (pain in the extremities).
100
How can Peripheral Artery Disease affect men with diabetes?
It can lead to erectile dysfunction (ED).
101
What is Raynaud's Disease?
A condition affecting smaller arteries in fingers and toes, making them very susceptible to cold.
102
What percentage of the population in the United States is affected by Raynaud's Disease?
84%.
103
What are varicose veins?
Swollen or twisting veins, usually found in the legs.
104
What causes varicose veins?
Incompetent valves in the veins.
105
What is sclerotherapy?
A treatment involving chemical injection to close veins.
106
What is endovenous laser treatment?
A treatment that scars and closes veins.
107
What is radiofrequency ablation?
A treatment method for varicose veins.
108
What does ligation and stripping involve?
A surgical treatment for varicose veins.
109
What is phlebitis?
Inflammation of a vein
110
What is thrombophlebitis usually caused by?
Usually caused by catheters ## Footnote Thrombophlebitis heals well after being removed.

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