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Physical Conditions > CVA- Cerebrovascular Accident/ Stroke > Flashcards

CVA- Cerebrovascular Accident/ Stroke Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What is the def of a CVA?

A

Sudden or gradual onset of neurological symptoms caused by diminished supply of blood to the brain

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2
Q

True or false:

Stroke is the 2nd leading cause of death and the 3rd leading cause of disability in the world and 5th leading cause of death in the US

A

True

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3
Q

True or false:

Stoke kills 130,000 Americans each year, causes almost 1 out of every 20 deaths, and costs over $34 billion dollar’s annually

A

True

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4
Q

What are 2 major subtypes of stroke?

A

1) ischemic

2) hemorrhagic

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5
Q

What is a ischemic stroke?

A

Thrombotic- blood clot

Embolic- clot in artery up bloodstream, formed elsewhere, occurs during daytime activity

Lacunar- small infarcts occurring deep in brain structures

No oxygen in brain

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6
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Rupture in blood vessel (aneurysm)

Bleeding into or around cerebral tissue (intracerebral and subarachnoid)

Bleeding into the brain

More severe

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7
Q

Etiology/ risk factors for a ischemic stroke/ transient ischemic attack

A

Small vessel disease

Large vessel disease

Cardio embolism

Non modifiable risk factors

Modifiable risk factors

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8
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of an ischemic stroke/ transient ischemic attack?

A

Facial droop

Arm weakness

Speech difficulty

Time

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9
Q

What are some stroke non modifiable risk factors?

A

AGE

Gender

Race/ heredity

Prior stroke

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10
Q

What are some stroke modifiable risk factors?

A

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

Smoking

Diabetes

High cholesterol

Physical inactivity

Obesity

Artery disease

TIAs

Atrial fibrillation/ heart disease

Some blood disorders

Alcohol intake

Stress

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11
Q

What percent of people regain functional independence post CVA?

A

50-70%

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12
Q

What perecent of people have some permanent disability after a CVA?

A

15-30%

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13
Q

Which type of stroke is less frequent?

A

Hemorrhagic stroke by 15%

Ischemic stroke 85%

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14
Q

True or false:

Depression affects 1/2 of stroke survivors

A

False: 1/3

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15
Q

True or false:

Pediatric stroke is more frequent younger than 2 years of age

A

True

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16
Q

How many pediatric CVA cases are there?

A

1.2 - 13

100,000 children per year

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17
Q

What percent of pediatric cases are ischemic strokes?

A

50%

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18
Q

What percent do pediatrics experience residual neuro deficits after a stroke?

A

50-90%

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19
Q

What are CVA signs and symptoms?

A

FAST

  • Face drooping
  • Arm weakness
  • Speech difficultly
  • Time to call 911

Trouble with balance/ coordination

Sudden confusion

Severe headaches with no known cause

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20
Q

What does BEFAST stand for?

A

B- Balance

E- Eyes (can they focus)

F- Face (drooping?)

A- Arm weakness

S- Speech difficulty

T- Time to call 911

TEST QUESTION

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21
Q

What is affected when you have right hemiplegia (L-CVA)?

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A

Speech, vocabulary problems

Slow, cautious disorganized

Right visual deficits

22
Q

What is affected when you have left hemiplegia (R-CVA)?

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A

Spatial perception problems

Over confident

Impulsive

Left visual field deficit

23
Q

What are signs and symptoms of LEFT sided cerebral injuries: middle cerebral artery?

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A

Right loss of voluntary movement/ coordination

Impaired sensation (pain, temp, proprioception right side) - hemianesthesia

Blind spots (usually right visual field)

Aphasia

Dysarthria

Memory deficits- recent/ past

Slow, cautious personality

24
Q

What is aphasia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Inability to communicate

In LEFT sided cerebral injuries: middle cerebral artery

25
What is dysarthria?
Slurred speech because of weakness in the muscles In LEFT sided cerebral injuries: middle cerebral artery
26
What are signs and symptoms of RIGHT sided cerebral injuries: middle cerebral artery?
Hemiparesis- weakness on left side of body Hemiplegia- paralysis of left side of body Impairment of sensation Spatial/ perceptual deficits Unilateral inattention- neglect Dressing apraxia Impaired left half of visual field (left homonymous hemianospia) Impulsivity- disorganized Impaired learning
27
What is unilateral attention-neglect?
Lose of awareness of the entire left side of the body and left visual field
28
What is dressing apraxia?
Now knowing the steps of dressing In RIGHT sided cerebral injuries: middle cerebral artery
29
What are signs and symptoms of anterior cerebral artery stroke?
Paralysis of lower extremities (contralateral) Loss of sensation (contralateral)- toes, foot, leg Loss of conscious control of bowel or bladder Balance problems Memory impairment Whispered speech or loss of all communication Lack of spontaneity of emotion
30
What are signs and symptoms of vertebrobasilar stroke?
Impaired eye coordination of the eyes Loss of memory Impaired temp sensation Clumsy movements of the hands Vertigo/ dizziness Impaired mobility to read and/ or name objects Dysphagia/ drooling Paralysis of the face, limbs or tongue
31
What are signs and symptoms of Wallenbergs syndrome?
Brain stem stroke: occlusion of a vertebral or cerebellar artery Contralateral pain/ temp loss Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome Ataxia Dysphagia Facial sensory loss
32
What is Horner’s syndrome?
Drooping of the eyelid Sinking of the eyeball
33
What is dysphagia?
Inability to swallow food In vertebrobasilar stroke In Wallenbergs syndrome
34
What is ataxia?
Impaired coordination In Wallenbergs syndrome
35
What are signs and symptoms of transient ischemic attacks (TIA)?
Symptoms occur rapidly and last less than 24 hrs 75% of TIAs last less than 5 mins Fleeting blindness Hemiparesis Dizziness Double vision Staggering
36
What are signs and symptoms of | Small strokes?
May last longer than 24 hrs Results in only minor neurological deficits RIND- reversible ischemic neurological deficit PRIND- partially reversible ischemic neurological deficit
37
What percent of neuroglia recovery occurs within 3 months?
About 90%
38
What is a CT scan (computed tomography)?
Radiographic Differentiates between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke Can clarify location, mechanism and severity but does NOT detect subtle changes Most common tool used to diagnose CVA cause by hemorrhage
39
What is an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)?
More sensitive than CT and no radiation exposure Better detection of ischemic areas than CT Can distinguish between acute and chronic hemorrhage
40
What is a PET scan (positron emission tomography)?
Not readily used to manage acute CVA Can help access CVA progression to determine management
41
What is a cerebral angioplasty?
Dye injection/ radiography of vascular system
42
What is antiplatelet therapy?
Aspirin therapy Low doses as preemptive therapy found to help prevent cardiovascular disease
43
What are anticoagulants?
Heparin (short term) Warfarin (long term)
44
What is thrombolytics therapy (tPA)?
Breakdown of blood clots using medication Used for dissolution of occluding thrombi Used acutely for MI and CVA Acute CVA within 3 hours of onset
45
What are surgical clippings or coiling effectively used for?
Ruptured aneurysms or AVMs
46
What can CVA impact on occupational performance?
Grooming Bathing Driving Maintaining employment Loss of leisure participation Reading Attention to task Remembering important dates, people and time Social engagement Education/ play
47
What sensory functions are impacted by CVAs?
Protective Tactile Proprioceptive Visual field deficits Perceptual deficit
48
What is a shoulder subluxation?
Arm is just dangling Not reversible
49
What are the 3 most common aphasias?
Global aphasia Broca’s aphasia Wernickes aphasia
50
What is global aphasia?
Speech is not fluent Can not comprehend spoken messages Cannot repeat words or phrases
51
What is Broca’s aphasia?
Speech is not fluent Can comprehend spoken messages Cannot repeat words or phrases
52
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
Speech is fluent Can not comprehend spoken messages Cannot repeat words or phrases

Physical Conditions (14 decks)

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