CVS 1 Flashcards
(54 cards)
Cardiac hypertrophy: the compensatory response due to pressure overload?
Concentric. Increased wall thickness; reduced cavity diameter.
The heart has to pump harder to overcome the systemic pressure.
Cardiac hypertrophy: compensatory response due to volume overload?
Hypertrophy with dilation; increased ventricular diameter.
Too much blood in the heart would mean the heart harder to eject blood from the chamber.
Some causes of pressure overload in the heart?
systemic hypertension –> LV hypertrophy
pulmonary hypertension –> RV failure
Characterized by Diminished CO and/or damming back of blood in the venous system.
Heart failure, congestive heart failure
Most common cause of CHF
systolic dysfunction
Major s/sx of systolic dysfunction:
pulmonary congestion
Causes of diastolic dysfunction:
LV hypertrophy, amyloid deposition, contrictive pericardits
restrictive conditions –> reduced compliance
Left-sided HF in lungs presents with:
acute: congestion and edema
chronic: with heart failure cells
Left-sided HF in kidneys:
decreased renal blood flow –> activation of RAAS –> hydrostatic pressure increases –> peripheral and pulmonary edema
Left-sided HF in brain:
hypoxic encephalitis
Right-sided HF in liver:
nutmeg liver, chronic passive congestion
centrilobular necrosis, sclerosis
Right-sided HF in spleen:
congestive splenomegaly
Right-sided HF in heart:
RV hypertrophy/dilatation
Right-sided HF in kidneys:
congestion
Right-sided HF in brain:
hypoxic encephalopathy
Patient presents with pulmonary edema, dyspnea, and orthopnea?
Describe the heart failure
Left-sided
Heart failure results in nutmeg liver, hepatojugular reflex, edema
right-sided
Manifestations/syndromes of ischemic heart disease:
- Acute MI
- Angina
- Chronic IHD
- Sudden cardiac death
70% of a coronary artery lumen occluded with atherosclerotic plaque:
critical stenosis
Causes of non-atheromatous coronary arterial occlusion
embolism dissecting aneurysm vasospasm congenital anomaly trauma
Most common form of angina pectoris
Stable AP
Chest pain with progressive, recurrent pain at rest
Unstable AP
Chest pain secondary to vasospasm at rest
Prinzmetal AP
Chest pain secondary to atherosclerosis
Stable
