CVS مازن 1

Question 1

which substance is responsible for actin and myosin interaction

Answer 1

Troponin

Question 2

contraction needs high level of _________ inside the cell

Answer 2

serum calcium

Question 3

from where does calcium come ? and what is the stimulus ?

Answer 3

Action potential to the cell membrane

1) from sarcoplasmic reticulum

2) ca+2 enters from extracellular space to the intracellular space

Question 4

types of troponin ?

Answer 4

T – Trigger the interaction

I – inhibit the interaction

C – gives the signals for ca+2 (binds to calcium )

Question 5

what is the histology of muscular fibrils ?

Answer 5

inner part is circular

outer part is longitudinal

intermediate part is oblique

Question 6

at the end of contraction the volume of blood in the heart is called_____

Answer 6

End systolic volume (ESV)

Question 7

at the end of relaxation the volume of blood in the heart is called_____

Answer 7

End diastolic volume (EDV)

Question 8

define SV and write its equation

Answer 8

SV is the amount of blood which is ejected into the aorta in one beat

SV= End diastolic volume – End systolic volume

Question 9

Ejection fraction (EF) =

Answer 9

(SV / EDV ) X100%

Question 10

normal EF value is

Answer 10

more than 50%

Question 11

EF less than 50% is

Answer 11

HF

Question 12

define CO and write its equation

Answer 12

CO is the amount of blood which is ejected into the aorta per one minute

CO = SV X HR

Question 13

important in physical examination of CVS is to look for

Answer 13

Pallor and cyanosis

Question 14

in pulse you should examine

Answer 14

Rate
volume
character

Question 15

what are the types of pulse character ?

Answer 15

1) alternating pulse
A)pulsus alternas
B)pulsus paradoxus

2) water hummer pulse (collapsing pulse)

3) pulsus deficit

4)pulsus bisferiens

5) pulsus et tardus

Question 16

how does pulse volume change with breathing physiologically

Answer 16

take a breathe and expanding the lung –> pooling of blood in lung –> reduction of blood in LV –> reduction of BP –> reduction of pulse volume

Question 17

the difference between BP in inspiration and expiration normally

Answer 17

less than 10 mmHg

Question 18

the difference between BP in inspiration and expiration in pulsus paradoxus is

Answer 18

more than 10 mmHg

Question 19

in which condition there is pulsus paradoxus but the cause related to the heart

Answer 19

constructive pericarditis

Question 20

what is the idea behind the collapsing pulse

Answer 20

large difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( wide pulse pressure)

Question 21

causes of collapsing pulse

Answer 21

Aortic regurgitation

pregnancy

exercise

isolated systolic hypertension

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 22

what is the idea behind the pulsus deficit

Answer 22

difference between HR and PR such as in AF

Question 23

what is the idea behind the pulsus et tardus

Answer 23

slow and low pulse such as in aortic stenosis

Question 24

what is the idea behind the pulsus bisferiens

Answer 24

double peak pulse such as in

both aortic regurgitation and stenosis

HOCM

Question 24

what is the idea behind the pulsus bisferiens

Answer 24

double peak pulse such as in both aortic regurgitation and stenosis HOCM

Question 25

JVP is

Answer 25

a manometer that measures the Right side hemodynamic